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Women's Education, Spousal Agreement on Future Fertility Intentions, and Contraceptive Use in Pakistan
Studies in Family Planning ( IF 4.314 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-15 , DOI: 10.1111/sifp.12167
Saima Bashir 1 , Karen Guzzo 2
Affiliation  

In less egalitarian countries such as Pakistan, reproductive behaviors are gendered, with couples often disagreeing about their fertility goals. However, the dramatic changes in women's empowerment and messaging around reproductive behaviors in Pakistan in recent years may have affected how women's own characteristics and their concordance with their spouse on fertility goals are linked to contraception. Using matched couple data from two cycles of the Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (1990–1991 and 2017–2018), this paper examines the relative influence of husbands’ and wives’ fertility preferences, as well as women's education, on contraceptive use using linear probability models. Disagreement between couples declined modestly, by about four percentage points, over time. When disagreement about future fertility intentions occurs, wife's fertility preferences are more strongly related to contraceptive behavior, and this association has not changed over time. Although contraceptive use is positively associated with education, the link between women's education and contraceptive use has weakened over time due to increased use among uneducated women. Pakistani women's own fertility preferences are reflected in their contraceptive behavior, and contraceptive use is increasing among all women, even less educated women. Diffusion processes are likely at play, though more work is needed to identify these processes and potential barriers to contraceptive use.

中文翻译:

巴基斯坦的妇女教育、关于未来生育意愿的配偶协议和避孕药具使用

在巴基斯坦等不那么平等的国家,生育行为是有性别的,夫妻经常对他们的生育目标存在分歧。然而,近年来巴基斯坦妇女赋权和生殖行为信息的巨大变化可能影响了妇女自身的特征以及她们与配偶在生育目标方面的一致性如何与避孕相关联。本文使用来自巴基斯坦人口健康调查两个周期(1990-1991 年和 2017-2018 年)的配对数据,使用线性概率检验了丈夫和妻子的生育偏好以及女性教育对避孕药具使用的相对影响楷模。随着时间的推移,夫妻之间的分歧略有下降,大约下降了四个百分点。当对未来的生育意图发生分歧时,妻子的生育偏好与避孕行为的相关性更强,而且这种关联并没有随着时间的推移而改变。尽管避孕药具的使用与教育呈正相关,但由于未受过教育的女性越来越多地使用避孕药具,女性教育与避孕药具使用之间的联系随着时间的推移而减弱。巴基斯坦妇女自身的生育偏好反映在她们的避孕行为中,所有妇女,甚至受教育程度较低的妇女,避孕药具的使用都在增加。扩散过程可能在起作用,尽管需要做更多的工作来确定这些过程和避孕药具使用的潜在障碍。由于未受过教育的妇女越来越多地使用避孕药具,妇女受教育与使用避孕药具之间的联系随着时间的推移而减弱。巴基斯坦妇女自身的生育偏好反映在她们的避孕行为中,所有妇女,甚至受教育程度较低的妇女,避孕药具的使用都在增加。扩散过程可能在起作用,尽管需要做更多的工作来确定这些过程和避孕药具使用的潜在障碍。由于未受过教育的妇女越来越多地使用避孕药具,妇女受教育与使用避孕药具之间的联系随着时间的推移而减弱。巴基斯坦妇女自身的生育偏好反映在她们的避孕行为中,所有妇女,甚至受教育程度较低的妇女,避孕药具的使用都在增加。扩散过程可能在起作用,尽管需要做更多的工作来确定这些过程和避孕药具使用的潜在障碍。
更新日期:2021-09-02
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