Recently, high-performance flexible pressure sensors have received considerable attention because of their potential application in fitness tracking, human–machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence. Sensitivity is a key parameter that directly affects a sensor's performance; therefore, improving the sensitivity of sensors is a vital research topic. This study developed a dual-layer dielectric structure comprising a layer of electrospun fiber and an array of microcylinders and used it to fabricate a novel high-sensitivity capacitive pressure sensor. A simple, rapid, low-cost, and controllable microstructured method that did not require complex and expensive equipment was adopted. The proposed sensor can efficiently detect capacitance changes by analyzing changes in the fiber and microcylinder structure when compressed. It has high sensitivity of 0.6 kPa⁻¹, rapid response time of 25 ms, ultralow limit of detection of 0.065 Pa, and high durability and high reliability without any signal attenuation up to 10,000 load/unload cycles and up to 5000 bending/unbending cycles. Moreover, it yielded favorable results in real-time tests, such as pulse monitoring, acoustic tests, breathe monitoring, and body motion monitoring. Furthermore, experiments were conducted using a robotic arm, and the obtained results verify that the sensor has different capacitance responses to objects with different shapes, which is crucial for its future applications in smart machinery. Finally, the sensors were arranged as a 6 × 6 matrix, and they successfully displayed the pressure distribution in a plane. Thus, the contributions of the capacitance pressure sensor with a dual-layer dielectric structure in the field of high-performance pressure sensors were verified.

近年来，高性能柔性压力传感器因其在健身追踪、人机界面和人工智能方面的潜在应用而受到了广泛关注。灵敏度是直接影响传感器性能的关键参数；因此，提高传感器的灵敏度是一个重要的研究课题。这项研究开发了一种双层介电结构，包括一层电纺纤维和一系列微圆柱体，并用它来制造一种新型的高灵敏度电容压力传感器。采用了一种简单、快速、低成本、可控的微结构方法，不需要复杂和昂贵的设备。所提出的传感器可以通过分析压缩时纤维和微圆柱结构的变化来有效地检测电容变化。⁻¹, 25 ms 的快速响应时间，0.065 Pa 的超低检测限，以及高达 10,000 次加载/卸载循环和高达 5000 次弯曲/未弯曲循环的高耐用性和高可靠性无任何信号衰减。此外，它在实时测试中取得了良好的结果，例如脉搏监测、声学测试、呼吸监测和身体运动监测。此外，使用机械臂进行了实验，获得的结果验证了传感器对不同形状的物体具有不同的电容响应，这对其未来在智能机械中的应用至关重要。最后，将传感器排列为 6 × 6 矩阵，并成功地显示了平面内的压力分布。因此，