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Early historical forest clearance caused major degradation of water quality at Lake Væng, Denmark
Anthropocene ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2021.100302
Ole Bennike 1 , Bent Vad Odgaard 2 , Heather Moorhouse 3, 4 , Suzanne McGowan 3 , Marie-Louise Siggaard-Andersen 5 , Benjamin L. Turner 6 , Anders Schomacker 7 , Søren Jessen 8 , Jolanta Kazmierczak 9 , Jesper Olsen 10 , Peter Rasmussen 11 , Jacob Kidmose 9 , Catharina S. Nisbeth 8 , Lærke Thorling 1 , Kaarina Weckström 12
Affiliation  

Although humans have impacted their environment over millennia, details of these impacts, especially on aquatic systems, is still surprisingly scarce despite potential disturbance by early land use. This study examined a high-resolution radiocarbon-dated Holocene record from the Danish Lake Væng, using geochemical and biological proxies, and related the observed impacts to other lake records with catchment disturbance. The results indicate a lengthy and varying history of aquatic eutrophication linked to human activity. Modest impacts on the lake coincided with the first signs of landscape disturbance during the Neolithic (c. 4500 cal. yrs BP). Observed impacts intensified in the Late Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Age. Viking Age/Medieval deforestation and erosional inputs to the lake associated with new ploughing technology (1200 cal. yrs BP), however, led to a major reorganisation of the aquatic ecosystem. Filamentous bloom-forming cyanobacteria, common today in heavily culturally impacted lakes, reached a historical maxima. The lake ecosystem subsequently recovered somewhat but remains eutrophic to date. The erosion record from Lake Væng shows a striking similarity with other Danish lake records, especially the notable increase in Medieval Period catchment inputs, which are observed in other European lacustrine records. Numerous European lowland lakes may have shifted into a degraded ecological state millennia ago, but degradation intensified during the onset of the Medieval Period. Hence, assuming pre-industrial conditions as relatively pristine reference baselines for more recent cultural eutrophication could be flawed in landscapes intensively used by humans for millennia.



中文翻译:

早期的森林砍伐导致丹麦万湖水质严重恶化

尽管人类已经影响了他们的环境数千年,但这些影响的细节,尤其是对水生系统的影响,尽管可能受到早期土地利用的潜在干扰,但仍然令人惊讶地稀少。这项研究使用地球化学和生物代理检查了丹麦万湖的高分辨率放射性碳测年全新世记录,并将观察到的影响与集水区干扰的其他湖泊记录联系起来。结果表明,与人类活动相关的水生富营养化有着漫长而多变的历史。在新石器时代(大约 4500 cal. yrs BP)期间,对湖泊的适度影响恰逢景观干扰的最初迹象。观察到的影响在青铜器晚期和前罗马铁器时代加剧。维京时代/中世纪的森林砍伐和与新耕作技术相关的湖泊侵蚀输入(1200 cal. yrs BP),然而,导致了水生生态系统的重大重组。今天在受文化影响严重的湖泊中常见的丝状水华形成蓝藻达到了历史最大值。湖泊生态系统随后有所恢复,但至今仍处于富营养状态。Væng 湖的侵蚀记录与其他丹麦湖泊记录显示出惊人的相似性,尤其是中世纪时期流域输入的显着增加,这在其他欧洲湖泊记录中观察到。数千年前,许多欧洲低地湖泊可能已经转变为生态退化状态,但在中世纪开始时退化加剧。因此,假设工业化前的条件作为最近文化富营养化的相对原始的参考基线,在人类数千年来密集使用的景观中可能是有缺陷的。导致了水生生态系统的重大重组。今天在受文化影响严重的湖泊中常见的丝状水华形成蓝藻达到了历史最大值。湖泊生态系统随后有所恢复,但至今仍处于富营养状态。Væng 湖的侵蚀记录与其他丹麦湖泊记录显示出惊人的相似性,尤其是中世纪时期流域输入的显着增加,这在其他欧洲湖泊记录中观察到。数千年前,许多欧洲低地湖泊可能已经转变为生态退化状态,但在中世纪开始时退化加剧。因此,假设工业化前的条件作为最近文化富营养化的相对原始的参考基线,在人类数千年来密集使用的景观中可能是有缺陷的。导致了水生生态系统的重大重组。今天在受文化影响严重的湖泊中常见的丝状水华形成蓝藻达到了历史最大值。湖泊生态系统随后有所恢复,但至今仍处于富营养状态。Væng 湖的侵蚀记录与其他丹麦湖泊记录显示出惊人的相似性,尤其是中世纪时期流域输入的显着增加,这在其他欧洲湖泊记录中观察到。数千年前,许多欧洲低地湖泊可能已经转变为生态退化状态,但在中世纪开始时退化加剧。因此,假设工业化前的条件作为最近文化富营养化的相对原始的参考基线,在人类数千年来密集使用的景观中可能是有缺陷的。

更新日期:2021-08-01
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