In the area of gearbox fault diagnosis, to obtain sufficient and effective vibration information, traditional studies are usually conducted from the perspective of optimizing the layout of measuring points. This paper focuses on a gearbox fault diagnosis method based on bearing dynamic force identification. Gearbox bearing dynamic forces under the operating condition are modeled as excitation sources, and vibration signals measured at any position on the housing are modeled as receivers. Then mutual coupling effect of different structure transfer paths of housing on the excitation signals can be quantitatively modeled. The bearing dynamic forces are finally constructed with the transfer function matrix and vibration signals by solving the inverse problem. The identified bearing dynamic forces is capable of clearly reflecting the gear fault characteristics, which outperforms the original vibration signals measured on the gearbox housing due to poor signal quality and the effect of structure transfer paths. Numerical simulation and experimental studies show the effectiveness of the estimated bearing dynamic force signals for gear fault diagnosis. The proposed method is demonstrated to be insensitive to the location of measuring points, and shows a good potential in complicated mechanical system fault diagnosis.

在齿轮箱故障诊断领域，为了获得充分有效的振动信息，传统的研究通常从优化测点布局的角度进行。本文重点研究了一种基于轴承动态力识别的齿轮箱故障诊断方法。运行条件下的齿轮箱轴承动态力被建模为激励源，在外壳上任何位置测量的振动信号被建模为接收器。然后可以定量模拟外壳不同结构传递路径对激励信号的相互耦合效应。通过求解逆问题，最终用传递函数矩阵和振动信号构建轴承动态力。识别出的轴承动态力能够清楚地反映齿轮故障特征，由于信号质量差和结构传递路径的影响，其性能优于在变速箱壳体上测量的原始振动信号。数值模拟和实验研究表明估计的轴承动态力信号对齿轮故障诊断的有效性。该方法被证明对测量点的位置不敏感，在复杂的机械系统故障诊断中显示出良好的潜力。数值模拟和实验研究表明估计的轴承动态力信号对齿轮故障诊断的有效性。该方法被证明对测量点的位置不敏感，在复杂的机械系统故障诊断中显示出良好的潜力。数值模拟和实验研究表明估计的轴承动态力信号对齿轮故障诊断的有效性。该方法被证明对测量点的位置不敏感，在复杂的机械系统故障诊断中显示出良好的潜力。