We review research on “attitude conflict” —- competitive disagreement with regard to beliefs, values, and preferences, characterized by parties’ intolerance of each other’s positions. We propose a simple causal model of attitude conflict, including three antecedents that drive it and two consequences that frequently emerge. Whereas prior research has focused on the consequences — negative inferences about holders of opposing views and negative affect at the prospect of interacting with them — we focus on the antecedents. Specifically, we propose that disagreements that lead to attitude conflict are often characterized by perceptions of high (1) outcome importance, (2) actor interdependence, and (3) evidentiary skew. Our analysis offers multiple paths for future research to more accurately predict and more effectively intervene in such situations.

我们回顾了关于“态度冲突”的研究——关于信仰、价值观和偏好的竞争性分歧，其特点是各方对彼此立场的不容忍。我们提出了一个简单的态度冲突因果模型，包括驱动它的三个前因和经常出现的两个后果。之前的研究关注的是后果——对持相反意见的人的负面推论以及与他们互动的前景的负面影响——我们关注的是前因。具体而言，我们提出导致态度冲突的分歧通常具有以下特征：（1）结果重要性高，（2）参与者相互依赖，以及（3）证据偏斜。我们的分析为未来的研究提供了多种途径，以更准确地预测和更有效地干预这种情况。