The objective of this population-based register study was (1) to investigate the association between young adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subsequent labour market marginalisation (LMM) in two comparison groups, i.e. matched young adults from the general population without ADHD and unaffected siblings to persons with ADHD and (2) to assess the role of comorbid disorders.

This study included all young adults in Sweden, aged 19–29 years, with an incident diagnosis of ADHD 2006–2011 (n = 9718). Crude and multivariate sex-stratified hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured 5 years after the diagnosis of ADHD for the risk of disability pension, long-term sickness absence (SA) (>90 days), long-term unemployment (>180 days) and a combined measure of all three in young adults with ADHD compared to their siblings without ADHD and a matched comparison group.

In the adjusted analyses young adults with ADHD had a 10-fold higher risk of disability pension (HR = 10.2; CI 9.3–11.2), a nearly three-fold higher risk of long-term SA (HR = 2.7; CI 2.5–2.8) and a 70% higher risk of long-term unemployment (HR = 1.7; CI 1.6–1.8) compared to the matched comparison group. The risk estimates were lower compared to siblings for disability pension (HR = 9.0; CI 6.6–12.3) and long-term SA (HR = 2.5; CI 2.1–3.1) but higher in the long-term unemployed (HR = 1.9; CI 1.6–2.1). Comorbid disorders explained about one-third of the association between ADHD and disability pension, but less regarding SA and long-term unemployment.

Young adults with ADHD have a high risk for different measures of LMM and comorbidities explain only a small proportion of this relationship.

这项基于人群的登记研究的目的是 (1) 在两个比较组中调查被诊断患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的年轻人与随后的劳动力市场边缘化 (LMM) 之间的关联，即来自没有 ADHD 的普通人群和未受影响的兄弟姐妹与 ADHD 患者和 (2) 评估合并症的作用。

这项研究包括瑞典的所有年轻人，年龄在 19-29 岁之间，在 2006-2011 年被诊断为多动症 ( n = 9718)。在诊断为 ADHD 后 5 年，测量了粗略和多变量性别分层风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI) 的残疾养老金风险、长期病假 (SA)（>90 天）、长期- 长期失业（> 180 天）以及与没有 ADHD 的兄弟姐妹和匹配的对照组相比，患有 ADHD 的年轻人的所有三项综合指标。

在调整后的分析中，患有 ADHD 的年轻人获得残疾养老金的风险高出 10 倍（HR = 10.2；CI 9.3-11.2），长期 SA 的风险高出近三倍（HR = 2.7；CI 2.5-2.8） ) 和长期失业风险高 70% (HR = 1.7; CI 1.6–1.8) 与匹配的对照组相比。与兄弟姐妹相比，残疾养老金（HR = 9.0；CI 6.6-12.3）和长期 SA（HR = 2.5；CI 2.1-3.1）的风险估计值较低，但长期失业者的风险估计值更高（HR = 1.9；CI 1.6–2.1）。合并症解释了 ADHD 与残疾养老金之间约三分之一的关联，但对 SA 和长期失业的关联较少。

患有 ADHD 的年轻成年人对 LMM 的不同测量具有高风险，合并症仅解释了这种关系的一小部分。