Objective:To evaluate the associations between cannabis use and neurocognitive functioning, including self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, in a large sample of emerging adults (ages 21–25) using a cross-sectional design. A secondary objective was to examine age of cannabis initiation as a moderator.Methods:Participants were high-risk drinking emerging adults (n = 598) reporting past-month cannabis use in the following categories: 1) non-users (i.e., never or not in the past month; n = 276), 2) occasional users (i.e., monthly or weekly users; n = 201), and 3) daily users (n = 121). Categorical comparisons were conducted on working memory, attention, behavioral inhibition, delay and probability discounting, verbal intelligence, and ADHD symptoms. Complementary dimensional analyses examined cannabis severity in relation to neurocognition using regressions. Covariates were age, race, sex, income, years of education, tobacco use, and alcohol use.Results:Frequency of cannabis use was significantly associated with poorer working memory performance, more impulsive delay discounting, and greater endorsement of ADHD symptoms, but not other domains. Effect sizes were small and poorer performance was selectively present among daily, not occasional, cannabis users. Earlier age of initiation was not independently or interactively associated with neurocognitive performance.Conclusions:Daily cannabis use was selectively adversely associated with aspects of memory, impulsivity, and subjective attentional functioning, but most cognitive indicators were not implicated, and evidence of amplification by earlier age of initiation was not observed. Ascertaining causal versus consequential roles of cannabis in neurocognitive functioning is an important priority.

中文翻译：

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大麻的使用、起始年龄和神经认知能力：大量饮酒的新兴成年人的大样本调查结果

目的：使用横断面设计在大量新兴成年人（21-25 岁）样本中评估大麻使用与神经认知功能之间的关联，包括自我报告的注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 症状。次要目标是作为调节者检查开始使用大麻的年龄。方法：参与者是高风险饮酒的新兴成年人（n= 598) 报告上个月大麻使用情况如下： 1) 非使用者（即，过去一个月从未或没有；n= 276), 2) 临时用户（即每月或每周用户；n= 201)，和 3) 每日用户 (n= 121)。对工作记忆、注意力、行为抑制、延迟和概率折扣、言语智力和 ADHD 症状进行分类比较。补充维度分析使用回归检查了与神经认知相关的大麻严重程度。协变量是年龄、种族、性别、收入、受教育年限、烟草使用和酒精使用。结果：使用大麻的频率与较差的工作记忆表现、更冲动的延迟折扣和对 ADHD 症状的更多认可显着相关，但不是其他域。影响大小很小，并且在每天而不是偶尔的大麻使用者中选择性地表现出较差的表现。较早的开始年龄与神经认知能力没有独立或交互相关。结论：每日使用大麻与记忆力、冲动性和主观注意功能方面有选择性地负相关，但大多数认知指标并未受到影响，也未观察到早期开始使用大麻的证据。确定大麻在神经认知功能中的因果作用是一个重要的优先事项。