Contact dermatitis (CD) is a common inflammatory skin disease caused by exposure to contact allergens and irritants. It is also the most common reason of occupational dermatitis and contributes greatly to hand dermatitis and facial dermatitis. Besides the two major forms of contact dermatitis: allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis, other subtypes of CD have been recognized including immediate skin reactions, photoinduced contact dermatitis, systemic contact dermatitis, and non-eczematous contact dermatitis. CD is a great imitator which can mimic many kinds of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, and angioedema. For the diagnosis of CD, a complete medical history, including occupational history, is very important. It can give a clue of CD and provide a list of suspected substances. Besides the well-known diagnostic test, patch testing, there are many other diagnostic tests can be used to help diagnosis of CD and identify the causative allergens, including photopatch test, skin tests for detecting of immediate contact reactions, serum allergen-specific IgE test, and qualitative and quantitative testing of allergen in the suspected materials patients exposed to and challenge test. Before the treatment, the suspected irritants or allergens should be avoided completely. This includes both the removal of the patient from the environment that contains those substances and the promotion of the metabolism and expulsion of the allergens that have been absorbed by the body. In addition, it is also important to restore the skin barrier and reduce skin inflammation through multiple treatments, such as emollients, topical corticosteroids, and antihistamines, as well as systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Early and appropriate treatments are important to prevent further deterioration and persistence of the skin condition.

接触性皮炎 (CD) 是一种常见的炎症性皮肤病，由接触过敏原和刺激物引起。它也是职业性皮炎最常见的原因，对手部皮炎和面部皮炎的影响很大。除了两种主要形式的接触性皮炎：过敏性接触性皮炎和刺激性接触性皮炎外，还发现了其他 CD 亚型，包括即刻皮肤反应、光致接触性皮炎、全身性接触性皮炎和非湿疹性接触性皮炎。CD是一个很好的模仿者，可以模仿多种皮肤病，如特应性皮炎、扁平苔藓和血管性水肿。对于 CD 的诊断，包括职业史在内的完整病史非常重要。它可以给出CD的线索并提供可疑物质的清单。除了众所周知的诊断测试，斑贴测试，还有许多其他诊断测试可用于帮助诊断 CD 和识别致病过敏原，包括光斑测试、用于检测即时接触反应的皮肤测试、血清过敏原特异性 IgE 测试，以及对患者接触的可疑材料中的过敏原进行定性和定量测试并进行挑战测试。治疗前，应完全避免疑似刺激物或过敏原。这既包括将患者从含有这些物质的环境中移出，也包括促进新陈代谢和排出已被身体吸收的过敏原。此外，通过润肤剂、润肤剂、外用皮质类固醇和抗组胺药，以及全身性皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂。早期和适当的治疗对于防止皮肤状况进一步恶化和持续存在很重要。