In this work, fabrication of Gd³⁺ substituted nickel spinel ferrite (NiGd_xFe_2-xO₄) nanoparticles was carried out via co-precipitation route. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) confirmed the spinel cubic structure of NiGd_xFe_2-xO₄ nanoparticles. XRD data also facilitated to determine the divalent and trivalent metal cations distribution at both A and B sites of the ferrite lattice. Site radii, hopping and bond lengths were also calculated from XRD data. The spectral studies elucidated the formation of cubic spinel ferrite structure as well as stretching vibrations of M–O (metal–oxygen) bond at A and B sites of ferrites, represented by two major bands υ₁ and υ₂ respectively. FESEM analysis confirmed the irregular morphology of NiGd_xFe_2-xO₄ nanoparticles. EDX spectrographs estimated the elemental compositions. The dielectric attributes were explained on the basis of the Debye-relaxation theory and Koop’s phenomenological model. At higher applied frequencies (AC) no prominent dielectric loss was observed. Magnetic parameter variations can be attributed to the substitution of the rare earth cations having larger ionic radii as compared to the radii of Fe³⁺ ions. Moreover, spin canting, magneto-crystalline anisotropy and exchange energy of electrons also helped in magnetic evaluation. Due to small coercivity values NiGd_xFe_2-xO₄ nanoparticles can be employed significantly in high-frequency data storage devices.

在这项工作中，Gd ³⁺取代的镍尖晶石铁氧体（NiGd _x Fe _2-x O ₄）纳米颗粒的制备是通过共沉淀途径进行的。X 射线粉末衍射 (XRD) 证实了 NiGd _x Fe _2-x O ₄纳米颗粒的尖晶石立方结构。XRD 数据还有助于确定铁氧体晶格的 A 和 B 位点处的二价和三价金属阳离子分布。位点半径、跳跃和键长也由 XRD 数据计算。光谱研究阐明了立方尖晶石铁氧体结构的形成以及铁氧体 A 和 B 位处 M-O（金属-氧）键的伸缩振动，由两个主要波段 υ分别为₁和 υ ₂。FESEM 分析证实了NiGd _x Fe _2-x O ₄纳米颗粒的不规则形态。EDX 光谱仪估计了元素组成。介电属性是在德拜松弛理论和库普现象学模型的基础上解释的。在较高的应用频率 (AC) 下，没有观察到显着的介电损耗。磁参数变化可归因于具有比Fe ³⁺离子半径更大的离子半径的稀土阳离子的取代。此外，自旋倾斜、磁晶各向异性和电子交换能也有助于磁性评估。由于较小的矫顽力值 NiGd _xFe _2-x O ₄纳米颗粒可以在高频数据存储设备中得到大量应用。