Honey bee colony losses worldwide call for a more in-depth understanding of the pathogenic and mutualistic components of the honey bee microbiota and their relation with the environment. In this descriptive study, we characterized the yeast and bacterial communities that arise from six substrates associated with honey bees: corbicular pollen, beebread, hive debris, intestinal contents, body surface of nurses and forager bees, comparing two different landscapes, Minas Gerais, Brazil and Maryland, United States. The sampling of five hives in Brazil and four in the USA yielded 217 yeast and 284 bacterial isolates. Whereas the yeast community, accounted for 47 species from 29 genera, was dominated in Brazil by Aureobasidium sp. and Candida orthopsilosis, the major yeast recovered from the USA was Debaryomyces hansenii. The bacterial community was more diverse, encompassing 65 species distributed across 31 genera. Overall, most isolates belonged to Firmicutes, genus Bacillus. Among LAB, species from Lactobacillus were the most prevalent. Cluster analysis evidenced high structuration of the microbial communities, with two distinguished microbial groups between Brazil and the United States. In general, the higher difference among sites and substrates were dependents on the turnover effect (~ 93% of the beta diversity), with a more pronounced effect of nestedness (~ 28%) observed from Brazil microbiota change. The relative abundance of yeasts and bacteria also showed the dissimilarity of the microbial communities between both environments. These results provide a comprehensive view of microorganisms associated with A. mellifera, highlighting the importance of the environment in the establishment of the microbiota associated with honey bees.

全球蜜蜂种群的损失需要更深入地了解蜜蜂微生物群的致病和共生成分及其与环境的关系。在这项描述性研究中，我们描述了由与蜜蜂相关的六种基质产生的酵母和细菌群落：球状花粉、蜂面包、蜂巢碎片、肠道内容物、护士和觅食蜜蜂的体表，比较了巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州的两种不同景观和美国马里兰州。对巴西的 5 个蜂箱和美国的 4 个蜂箱进行采样，产生了 217 个酵母菌和 284 个细菌分离物。而酵母群落，占 29 属的 47 种，在巴西以Aureobasidium  sp.为主。和假丝酵母菌病，从美国回收的主要酵母是汉森德巴利酵母。细菌群落更加多样化，包括分布在 31 个属中的 65 个物种。总体而言，大多数分离株属于厚壁菌门，芽孢杆菌属。在 LAB 中，来自乳酸杆菌的物种是最流行的。聚类分析证明了微生物群落的高度结构化，在巴西和美国之间有两个不同的微生物群。一般来说，位点和底物之间较高的差异取决于周转效应（约 93% 的 β 多样性），从巴西微生物群变化中观察到的嵌套效应更明显（约 28%）。酵母和细菌的相对丰度也表明两种环境之间微生物群落的不同。这些结果提供了与蜜蜂相关的微生物的全面视图，突出了环境在建立与蜜蜂相关的微生物群中的重要性。