Abstract

Time perspective is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct that assesses individuals’ feelings and thoughts about the past, present, and future. The current study examined relationships between feelings (time attitudes) and thoughts (time orientation) about time and substance use behaviors across three adolescent samples. Participants included a high-risk sample of adjudicated youth (N = 124; M_age = 15.54, SD = 1.69; 51.61% female) and two general population school samples (N = 777; M_age = 15.82, SD = 1.23; 53.41% female; N = 1873; M_age = 15.87, SD = 1.28; 52.22% female). Cross-sectional survey data were collected from samples in schools during 2010, 2016, and 2011, respectively. Poisson and negative binomial regression analyses indicated that overall, more positive feelings about time were associated with fewer substances used and, conversely, more negative feelings about time were associated with more substances used. These findings were particularly salient for participants with stronger positive and negative feelings toward the past and present time periods. Further, across the three samples, adolescents with a balanced time orientation (i.e. equal emphasis on all three time periods) generally reported less substance use than individuals who emphasized only one or two time periods. Findings highlight relationships between time perspective dimensions and substance use across diverse samples and illustrate opportunities for adapting time perspective-based substance use interventions for adolescents.

摘要

时间视角被概念化为一种多维结构，用于评估个人对过去、现在和未来的感受和想法。目前的研究检查了三个青少年样本中关于时间和物质使用行为的感觉（时间态度）和想法（时间取向）之间的关系。参与者包括被裁定青年的高风险样本（N  = 124；M_年龄 = 15.54，SD  = 1.69；51.61% 女性）和两个普通人群学校样本（N  = 777；M_年龄 = 15.82，SD  = 1.23；53.41%女性；N  = 1873；M_年龄 = 15.87，SD = 1.28; 52.22% 女性）。横断面调查数据分别从 2010 年、2016 年和 2011 年的学校样本中收集。泊松和负二项式回归分析表明，总体而言，对时间的积极感受与使用的物质较少有关，相反，对时间的消极感受与使用的物质更多有关。这些发现对于对过去和现在的时间段有更强烈的积极和消极情绪的参与者来说尤其显着。此外，在三个样本中，具有平衡时间取向（即同等重视所有三个时间段）的青少年通常报告的物质使用少于仅强调一个或两个时间段的个体。