Citrus medica L. is rich in numerous vital bioactive constituents, though it is an underutilized among the citrus genus. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the protective role of the C. medica fruit (CMF) methanol extract against carbofuran (CF)-induced toxicity in experimental rats. In addition, this work aims at detecting and measuring polyphenolic compounds by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of this extract. For this, studies dealing with serum hematological and biochemical parameters, liver endogenous antioxidants, as well as hepatic histo-architectural features have been carried out to assess the protective ability of CMF against CF-induced toxicity. Additionally, total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant capability were measured and the antioxidant action was investigated using DPPH and nitric oxide radical scavenging assays as well as reducing power assessments. HPLC results revealed the presence of benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and salicylic acid in CMF extract. Furthermore, results showed that CMF has considerable total phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant capability and exhibits significant free radical scavenging and reducing potentialities. On the other hand, CF intoxication of rats significantly altered the hematological and serum biochemical parameters with hepatocytes disruption. Carbofuran also caused an upsurge in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and a decline in hepatic cellular antioxidant enzymes levels in rats compared to the control group. Co-administration of CMF amended the anomalies and improved the histo-architectural arrangement of hepatocytes in treated groups. CMF also inhibited the alteration of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and MDA levels as compared to the carbofuran treated group and returned them to their normal state. Taken all together, results from this investigation highlight the protective role of CMF against CF-induced toxicity which might be attributed to the polyphenolic constituents of the extract.

中文翻译：

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柑橘提取物在对抗克百威的血液学和肝脏毒性作用中的作用

Citrus medica L. 富含多种重要的生物活性成分，尽管它在柑橘属中未被充分利用。因此，本研究的目的是评估C. medica的保护作用。水果 (CMF) 甲醇提取物对抗克百威 (CF) 诱导的实验大鼠毒性。此外，本工作旨在通过高效液相色谱 (HPLC) 检测和测量多酚类化合物，并评估该提取物的抗氧化活性。为此，已经进行了涉及血清血液学和生化参数、肝脏内源性抗氧化剂以及肝脏组织结构特征的研究，以评估 CMF 对 CF 诱导的毒性的保护能力。此外，还测量了总酚、类黄酮和抗氧化能力，并使用 DPPH 和一氧化氮自由基清除试验以及还原能力评估研究了抗氧化作用。HPLC 结果显示存在苯甲酸、肉桂酸、没食子酸、槲皮素、和 CMF 提取物中的水杨酸。此外，结果表明CMF具有相当大的总酚、类黄酮和抗氧化能力，并表现出显着的自由基清除和还原潜力。另一方面，大鼠的 CF 中毒显着改变了血液学和血清生化参数，肝细胞被破坏。与对照组相比，呋喃丹还导致大鼠丙二醛 (MDA) 水平升高和肝细胞抗氧化酶水平下降。CMF的共同给药修正了异常并改善了治疗组中肝细胞的组织结构排列。与克百威治疗组相比，CMF 还抑制了内源性抗氧化酶和 MDA 水平的改变，并使它们恢复到正常状态。综合起来，