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A Novel Method for Automatic Extrinsic Parameter Calibration of RGB-D Cameras
Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-15 , DOI: 10.1155/2021/5251898
Qin Shi 1 , Huansheng Song 1 , Shijie Sun 1
Affiliation  

Calibration of extrinsic parameters of the RGB-D camera can be applied in many fields, such as 3D scene reconstruction, robotics, and target detection. Many calibration methods employ a specific calibration object (i.e., a chessboard, cuboid, etc.) to calibrate the extrinsic parameters of the RGB-D color camera without using the depth map. As a result, it is difficult to simplify the calibration process, and the color sensor gets calibrated instead of the depth sensor. To this end, we propose a method that employs the depth map to perform extrinsic calibration automatically. In detail, the depth map is first transformed to a 3D point cloud in the camera coordinate system, and then the planes in the 3D point cloud are automatically detected using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation Sample Consensus (MLESAC) method. After that, according to the constraint relationship between the ground plane and the world coordinate system, all planes are traversed and screened until the ground plane is obtained. Finally, the extrinsic parameters are calculated using the spatial relationship between the ground plane and the camera coordinate system. The results show that the mean roll angle error of extrinsic parameter calibration was −1.14°. The mean pitch angle error was 4.57°, and the mean camera height error was 3.96 cm. The proposed method can accurately and automatically estimate the extrinsic parameters of a camera. Furthermore, after parallel optimization, it can achieve real-time performance for automatically estimating a robot’s attitude.

中文翻译:

RGB-D相机外参数自动标定新方法

RGB-D 相机外参的标定可应用于许多领域,例如 3D 场景重建、机器人和目标检测。许多标定方法采用特定标定对象(即棋盘、长方体等)来标定RGB-D彩色相机的外在参数,而不使用深度图。因此,很难简化校准过程,并且校准颜色传感器而不是深度传感器。为此,我们提出了一种利用深度图自动执行外部校准的方法。具体而言,深度图首先在相机坐标系中转换为 3D 点云,然后使用最大似然估计样本一致 (MLESAC) 方法自动检测 3D 点云中的平面。之后,根据地平面与世界坐标系的约束关系,遍历并筛选所有平面,直到得到地平面。最后,使用地平面和相机坐标系之间的空间关系计算外部参数。结果表明,外参标定的平均侧倾角误差为-1.14°。平均俯仰角误差为 4.57°,平均相机高度误差为 3.96 cm。所提出的方法可以准确、自动地估计相机的外部参数。此外,经过并行优化,它可以实现自动估计机器人姿态的实时性能。遍历并筛选所有平面,直到获得地平面。最后,使用地平面和相机坐标系之间的空间关系计算外部参数。结果表明,外参标定的平均侧倾角误差为-1.14°。平均俯仰角误差为 4.57°,平均相机高度误差为 3.96 cm。所提出的方法可以准确、自动地估计相机的外部参数。此外,经过并行优化,它可以实现自动估计机器人姿态的实时性能。遍历并筛选所有平面,直到获得地平面。最后,使用地平面和相机坐标系之间的空间关系计算外部参数。结果表明,外参标定的平均侧倾角误差为-1.14°。平均俯仰角误差为 4.57°,平均相机高度误差为 3.96 cm。该方法可以准确、自动地估计相机的外参数。此外,经过并行优化,它可以实现自动估计机器人姿态的实时性能。14°。平均俯仰角误差为 4.57°,平均相机高度误差为 3.96 cm。所提出的方法可以准确、自动地估计相机的外部参数。此外,经过并行优化,它可以实现自动估计机器人姿态的实时性能。14°。平均俯仰角误差为 4.57°,平均相机高度误差为 3.96 cm。所提出的方法可以准确、自动地估计相机的外部参数。此外,经过并行优化,它可以实现自动估计机器人姿态的实时性能。
更新日期:2021-07-15
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