Abstract

The collection of microorganisms living in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, termed the gut microbiota, has been shown to have profound impacts on host health and increasingly is regarded as a viable therapeutic target. Clinical studies of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have demonstrated potential efficacy of microbiota-based therapies for diseases including Clostridioides difficile infections, inflammatory bowel disease, graft-versus-host disease and cancer. However, the lack of understanding of the active ingredients and potential risks of such therapies pose challenges for clinical application. Meanwhile, efforts are being made to identify effector microbes directly associated with a given phenotype, to establish causality and to devise well-characterized microbial therapeutics for clinical use. Strategies based on defined microbial components will likely enhance the potential of microbiota-targeted therapies.

中文翻译：

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朝着确定的微生物疗法的发展

摘要

生活在哺乳动物胃肠道中的微生物群（称为肠道微生物群）已被证明对宿主健康产生深远影响，并且越来越被视为可行的治疗目标。粪便微生物群移植 (FMT) 的临床研究证明了基于微生物群的疗法对包括艰难梭菌在内的疾病的潜在疗效感染、炎症性肠病、移植物抗宿主病和癌症。然而，缺乏对此类疗法的活性成分和潜在风险的了解给临床应用带来了挑战。同时，正在努力识别与给定表型直接相关的效应微生物，建立因果关系并设计用于临床的具有良好特征的微生物疗法。基于确定的微生物成分的策略可能会增强微生物群靶向治疗的潜力。