We present experimental evidence on the effectiveness of corporate leniency programs. Different from other leniency experiments, ours allows subjects to have free-form communication. We do not find much of an effect of leniency programs. Leniency does not deter cartels. It only delays them. Free-form communication allows subjects to build trust and resolve conflicts. Reporting and defection rates are low, especially when compared to experiments with restricted communication. Indeed, communication is so effective that, with leniency in place, prices are not affected if cartels are fined and cease to exist.

中文翻译：

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宽大处理计划和反垄断设计：自由形式交流的实验证据

我们提供了有关企业宽大处理计划有效性的实验证据。与其他宽大实验不同，我们的实验允许受试者进行自由形式的交流。我们没有发现宽大处理计划的影响很大。宽大处理并不能阻止卡特尔。只会耽误他们。自由形式的交流使主体能够建立信任并解决冲突。报告和背叛率很低，特别是与限制交流的实验相比。事实上，沟通非常有效，如果卡特尔被罚款并停止存在，那么在宽大处理的情况下，价格不会受到影响。