In steady state, the fuel cycle of a fusion plasma requires inward particle fluxes of fuel ions. These particle flows are also accompanied by heating. In the case of classical transport in a rotating cylindrical plasma, this heating can proceed through several distinct channels depending on the physical mechanisms involved. Some channels directly heat the fuel ions themselves, whereas others heat electrons. Which channel dominates depends, in general, on the details of the temperature, density and rotation profiles of the plasma constituents. However, remarkably, under relatively few assumptions concerning these profiles, if the $\alpha$ particles, the by-products of the fusion reaction, can be removed directly by other means, then a hot-ion mode tends to emerge naturally.

中文翻译：

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旋转等离子体中的自然热离子模式

在稳定状态下，聚变等离子体的燃料循环需要燃料离子的向内粒子通量。这些颗粒流也伴随着加热。在旋转圆柱形等离子体中的经典传输的情况下，这种加热可以通过几个不同的通道进行，具体取决于所涉及的物理机制。一些通道直接加热燃料离子本身，而其他通道加热电子。哪个通道占主导地位通常取决于等离子体成分的温度、密度和旋转分布的细节。然而，值得注意的是，在关于这些概况的相对较少的假设下，如果$\alpha$ 聚变反应的副产物粒子可以通过其他方式直接去除，然后自然会出现热离子模式。