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Coordinated tractions increase the size of a collectively moving pack in a cell monolayer
Extreme Mechanics Letters ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2021.101438
Aashrith Saraswathibhatla 1 , Silke Henkes 2 , Emmett E. Galles 1 , Rastko Sknepnek 3, 4 , Jacob Notbohm 1
Affiliation  

Cells in an epithelial monolayer coordinate motion with their neighbors giving rise to collectively moving packs of sizes spanning multiple cell diameters. The physical mechanism controlling the pack size, however, remains unclear. A potential mechanism comes from assuming that cell–substrate traction forces persist over some time scale: with large enough persistence time, collective cell packs emerge. To test this hypothesis, we measured the velocity and net traction of each cell. The data showed that in addition to having some temporal persistence, tractions were spatially correlated, suggesting that cells coordinate with their neighbors to apply tractions in the same direction. Chemical inhibitors and activators of actomyosin contraction were used to determine effects of altering the traction persistence and alignment. Numerical simulations based on the self-propelled Voronoi model, augmented to include both traction persistence and alignment and calibrated against the experimental data, matched the experimentally measured pack size. The model identified that if there were no alignment of traction between neighboring cells, the size of the collective pack would be substantially smaller than observed in the experiments. Hence, combining experiments and a simple mechanical model, this study confirms the long-standing assumption of traction persistence and adds the notion of traction alignment between neighbors. Together, persistence and alignment are two factors controlling the size of a collectively moving cell pack.



中文翻译:

协调牵引增加了细胞单层中集体移动的包装的大小

上皮单层中的细胞与其相邻细胞协调运动,从而产生跨越多个细胞直径的大小的集体移动包。然而,控制包装尺寸的物理机制仍不清楚。一个潜在的机制来自假设细胞 - 基质牵引力在一段时间内持续存在:如果持续时间足够长,就会出现集体细胞组。为了验证这个假设,我们测量了每个细胞的速度和净牵引力。数据显示,除了具有一些时间持久性外,牵引力在空间上是相关的,这表明细胞与其邻居协调以在同一方向上施加牵引力。肌动球蛋白收缩的化学抑制剂和激活剂用于确定改变牵引持久性和对齐的影响。基于自行式 Voronoi 模型的数值模拟,增加了牵引力持久性和对齐,并根据实验数据进行了校准,与实验测量的包装尺寸相匹配。该模型确定,如果相邻单元之间没有牵引力对齐,则集体包的大小将比实验中观察到的要小得多。因此,结合实验和简单的机械模型,本研究证实了牵引力持久性的长期假设,并增加了邻居之间牵引力对齐的概念。总之,持久性和对齐是控制集体移动的细胞组大小的两个因素。与实验测量的包装尺寸相匹配。该模型确定,如果相邻单元之间没有牵引力对齐,则集体包的大小将比实验中观察到的要小得多。因此,结合实验和简单的机械模型,本研究证实了牵引力持久性的长期假设,并增加了邻居之间牵引力对齐的概念。总之,持久性和对齐是控制集体移动的细胞组大小的两个因素。与实验测量的包装尺寸相匹配。该模型确定,如果相邻单元之间没有牵引力对齐,则集体包的大小将比实验中观察到的要小得多。因此,结合实验和简单的机械模型,本研究证实了牵引力持久性的长期假设,并增加了邻居之间牵引力对齐的概念。总之,持久性和对齐是控制集体移动的细胞组大小的两个因素。这项研究证实了长期存在的牵引力持久性假设,并增加了邻居之间牵引力对齐的概念。总之,持久性和对齐是控制集体移动的细胞组大小的两个因素。这项研究证实了长期存在的牵引力持久性假设,并增加了邻居之间牵引力对齐的概念。总之,持久性和对齐是控制集体移动的细胞组大小的两个因素。

更新日期:2021-07-23
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