This article focuses on the economic regulatory component of the current backlash against liberal democracy and supranationalism in the European Union (EU). I identify a style of economic regulation that seeks to govern markets in the interest of insiders who are framed as vulnerable to the challenges of economic globalization – what I call rearguard economic regulation. While such regulation may be useful to reinforce national cultural attachments and a sense of belonging, it also has an anti-pluralist character that threatens markets’ emancipatory orientation. By identifying this challenge, the article seeks to defend a vision of markets as contributing to the promise of democracy, by fostering a plurality of options in each sphere of life. In the European context, I argue, EU economic law may be understood as advancing the realization of such a vision of markets. Viewed in this light, supranational and, specifically, EU economic law appear not so much as ordo- (or neo)-liberal straightjackets on national democracy but, instead, as providing mechanisms for democratization of the economy and society. Such democratizing potential is attributable to (i) the pluralist outlook of the law of EU integration, which forces member states to confront the plurality of forms of economic and social life existing within the polity and being further diversified by globalization as well as (ii) the deliberative and open-ended character of EU law adjudication, which may allow for progressive re-articulations of national market regulation.

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超国家法能促进民主吗？欧盟经济法作为市场民主化项目

本文重点关注当前欧盟 (EU) 对自由民主和超国家主义的强烈反对中的经济监管部分。我确定了一种经济监管方式，它旨在为容易受到经济全球化挑战的内部人士的利益来管理市场——我称之为后卫经济监管。虽然这种监管可能有助于加强民族文化依恋和归属感，但它也具有威胁市场解放导向的反多元化特征。通过识别这一挑战，本文试图通过在每个生活领域培养多种选择来捍卫市场愿景，即有助于实现民主的承诺。我认为，在欧洲背景下，欧盟经济法可以被理解为推动实现这种市场愿景。从这个角度来看，超国家的，特别是欧盟的经济法，与其说是对国家民主的普通（或新）自由主义的紧身衣，不如说是为经济和社会的民主化提供了机制。这种民主化潜力归因于（i）欧盟一体化法的多元化观点，这迫使成员国面对存在于政体中并因全球化而进一步多样化的经济和社会生活形式的多元化以及（ii）欧盟法律裁决的审议性和开放性特征，这可能允许逐步重新阐明国家市场监管。欧盟经济法与其说是对国家民主的普通（或新）自由主义的紧身衣，不如说是为经济和社会的民主化提供机制。这种民主化潜力归因于（i）欧盟一体化法的多元化观点，这迫使成员国面对存在于政体中并因全球化而进一步多样化的经济和社会生活形式的多元化以及（ii）欧盟法律裁决的审议性和开放性特征，这可能允许逐步重新阐明国家市场监管。欧盟经济法与其说是对国家民主的普通（或新）自由主义的紧身衣，不如说是为经济和社会的民主化提供机制。这种民主化潜力归因于（i）欧盟一体化法的多元化观点，这迫使成员国面对存在于政体中并因全球化而进一步多样化的经济和社会生活形式的多元化以及（ii）欧盟法律裁决的审议性和开放性特征，这可能允许逐步重新阐明国家市场监管。