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Integrating high-resolution coastal acidification monitoring data across seven U.S. estuaries
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-14 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.679913
Nicholas A Rosenau 1 , Holly Galavotti 1 , Kimberly K Yates 2 , Curtis C Bohlen 3 , Christopher W Hunt 4 , Matthew Liebman 5 , Cheryl A Brown 6 , Stephen R Pacella 6 , John L Largier 7 , Karina J Nielsen 8 , Xinping Hu 9 , Melissa R McCutcheon 9 , James M Vasslides 10 , Matthew Poach 11 , Tom Ford 12 , Karina Johnston 12 , Alex Steele 13
Affiliation  

Beginning in 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) National Estuary Program (NEP) started a collaboration with partners in seven estuaries along the East Coast (Barnegat Bay; Casco Bay), West Coast (Santa Monica Bay; San Francisco Bay; Tillamook Bay), and the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Coast (Tampa Bay; Mission-Aransas Estuary) of the United States to expand the use of autonomous monitoring of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH sensors. Analysis of high-frequency (hourly to sub-hourly) coastal acidification data including pCO2, pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) indicate that the sensors effectively captured key parameter measurements under challenging environmental conditions, allowing for an initial characterization of daily to seasonal trends in carbonate chemistry across a range of estuarine settings. Multi-year monitoring show that across all water bodies temperature and pCO2 covaried suggesting that pCO2 variability was governed, in part, by seasonal temperature changes with average pCO2 being lower in cooler, winter months and higher in warmer, summer months. Furthermore, the timing of seasonal shifts towards increasing (or decreasing) pCO2 varied by location and appears to be related to regional climate conditions. Specifically, pCO2 increases began earlier in the year in warmer water, lower latitude water bodies in the GOM (Tampa Bay; Mission-Aransas Estuary) as compared with cooler water, higher latitude water bodies in the northeast (Barnegat Bay; Casco Bay), and upwelling-influenced West Coast water bodies (Tillamook Bay, Santa Monica Bay; San Francisco Bay). Results suggest that both thermal and non-thermal influences are important drivers of pCO2 in Tampa Bay and Mission-Aransas Estuary. Conversely, non-thermal processes, most notably the biogeochemical structure of coastal upwelling, appear to be largely responsible for the observed pCO2 values in West Coast water bodies. The co-occurrence of high salinity, high pCO2, low DO, and low temperature water in Santa Monica Bay and San Francisco Bay characterize the coastal upwelling paradigm that is also evident in Tillamook Bay when upwelling dominates freshwater runoff and local processes. These data demonstrate that high-quality carbonate chemistry observations can be recorded from estuarine environments using autonomous sensors originally designed for open-ocean settings.

中文翻译:

整合美国七个河口的高分辨率海岸酸化监测数据

从 2015 年开始,美国环境保护署 (EPA) 的国家河口计划 (NEP) 开始与东海岸(巴内加特湾;卡斯科湾)、西海岸(圣莫尼卡湾;旧金山湾;蒂拉穆克)沿线七个河口的合作伙伴合作Bay) 和墨西哥湾 (GOM) 海岸 (Tampa Bay; Mission-Aransas Estuary) 扩大使用自主监测二氧化碳分压 (pCO2) 和 pH 传感器。对包括 pCO2、pH、温度、盐度和溶解氧 (DO) 在内的高频(每小时到次每小时)沿海酸化数据的分析表明,传感器在具有挑战性的环境条件下有效地捕获了关键参数测量值,从而可以初步表征一系列河口环境中碳酸盐化学的每日到季节性趋势。多年监测表明,在所有水体温度和 pCO2 的协变中,表明 pCO2 的变化部分受季节性温度变化的影响,在较冷的冬季月份平均 pCO2 较低,而在较暖的夏季月份则较高。此外,增加(或减少)pCO2 的季节变化的时间因地点而异,并且似乎与区域气候条件有关。具体而言,与较冷的水、东北部较高纬度的水体(巴内加特湾;卡斯科湾)相比,今年早些时候,在 GOM(坦帕湾;Mission-Aransas 河口)较温暖的水域、较低纬度的水体中 pCO2 开始增加,和受上升流影响的西海岸水体(蒂拉穆克湾、圣莫尼卡湾;旧金山湾)。结果表明,热和非热影响都是坦帕湾和米申-阿兰萨斯河口 pCO2 的重要驱动因素。相反,非热过程,尤其是沿海上升流的生物地球化学结构,似乎是西海岸水体中观察到的 pCO2 值的主要原因。圣莫尼卡湾和旧金山湾同时存在高盐度、高 pCO2、低溶解氧和低温水,这是沿海上升流模式的特征,当上升流主导淡水径流和局部过程时,这在提拉穆克湾也很明显。这些数据表明,使用最初为开阔海洋环境设计的自主传感器,可以从河口环境中记录高质量的碳酸盐化学观察结果。非热过程,尤其是沿海上升流的生物地球化学结构,似乎是西海岸水体中观察到的 pCO2 值的主要原因。圣莫尼卡湾和旧金山湾同时存在高盐度、高 pCO2、低溶解氧和低温水,这是沿海上升流模式的特征,当上升流主导淡水径流和局部过程时,这在提拉穆克湾也很明显。这些数据表明,使用最初为开阔海洋环境设计的自主传感器,可以从河口环境中记录高质量的碳酸盐化学观察结果。非热过程,尤其是沿海上升流的生物地球化学结构,似乎是西海岸水体中观察到的 pCO2 值的主要原因。圣莫尼卡湾和旧金山湾同时存在高盐度、高 pCO2、低溶解氧和低温水,这是沿海上升流模式的特征,当上升流主导淡水径流和局部过程时,这在提拉穆克湾也很明显。这些数据表明,使用最初为开阔海洋环境设计的自主传感器,可以从河口环境中记录高质量的碳酸盐化学观察结果。圣莫尼卡湾和旧金山湾的低温水是沿海上升流模式的特征,当上升流主导淡水径流和局部过程时,这在蒂拉穆克湾也很明显。这些数据表明,使用最初为开阔海洋环境设计的自主传感器,可以从河口环境中记录高质量的碳酸盐化学观察结果。圣莫尼卡湾和旧金山湾的低温水是沿海上升流模式的特征,当上升流主导淡水径流和局部过程时,这在蒂拉穆克湾也很明显。这些数据表明,使用最初为开阔海洋环境设计的自主传感器,可以从河口环境中记录高质量的碳酸盐化学观察结果。
更新日期:2021-07-14
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