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Evolutionary diversity peaks at mid-elevations along an Amazon-to-Andes elevation gradient
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-13 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.680041
Andy R. Griffiths , Miles R. Silman , William Farfan-Rios , Kenneth J. Feeley , Karina García Cabrera , Patrick Meir , Norma Salinas , Ricardo A. Segovia , Kyle G. Dexter

Elevation gradients present enigmatic diversity patterns, with trends often dependent on the dimension of diversity considered. However, focus is often on patterns of taxonomic diversity and interactions between diversity gradients and evolutionary factors, such as lineage age, are poorly understood. We combine forest census data with a genus level phylogeny representing tree ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms, and an evolutionary depth of 382 million years, to investigate taxonomic and evolutionary diversity patterns across a long tropical montane forest elevation gradient on the Amazonian flank of the Peruvian Andes. We find that evolutionary diversity peaks at mid-elevations and contrasts with taxonomic richness, which is invariant from low to mid-elevation, but then decreases with elevation. We suggest that this trend interacts with variation in the evolutionary ages of lineages across elevation, with contrasting distribution trends between younger and older lineages. For example, while 53% of young lineages (originated by 10 million years ago) occur only below ~1750 m asl, just 13% of old lineages (originated by 110 million years ago) are restricted to below ~1750 m asl. Overall our results support an Environmental Crossroads hypothesis, whereby a mid-gradient mingling of distinct floras creates an evolutionary diversity in mid-elevation Andean forests that rivals that of the Amazonian lowlands.

中文翻译:

亚马逊到安第斯山脉海拔梯度中海拔的进化多样性峰值

海拔梯度呈现出神秘的多样性模式,其趋势通常取决于所考虑的多样性维度。然而,人们对分类多样性的模式以及多样性梯度与进化因素(例如谱系年龄)之间的相互作用知之甚少。我们将森林普查数据与代表树蕨类植物、裸子植物、被子植物的属级系统发育和 3.82 亿年的进化深度相结合,以研究秘鲁安第斯山脉亚马逊侧翼热带山地森林海拔梯度的分类和进化多样性模式. 我们发现进化多样性在中海拔达到峰值,与分类丰富度形成​​鲜明对比,分类丰富度从低到中海拔保持不变,但随着海拔的升高而减少。我们认为这种趋势与不同海拔的谱系进化年龄的变化相互作用,年轻和年长谱系之间的分布趋势形成鲜明对比。例如,虽然 53% 的年轻谱系(起源于 1000 万年前)仅出现在 ~1750 m 海拔以下,但只有 13% 的旧谱系(起源于 1.1 亿年前)被限制在 ~1750 m asl 以下。总的来说,我们的结果支持环境十字路口假设,即不同植物群的中等梯度混合在中海拔安第斯森林中创造了与亚马逊低地相媲美的进化多样性。只有 13% 的旧谱系(起源于 1.1 亿年前)被限制在 1750 米以下。总的来说,我们的结果支持环境十字路口假设,即不同植物群的中等梯度混合在中海拔安第斯森林中创造了与亚马逊低地相媲美的进化多样性。只有 13% 的旧谱系(起源于 1.1 亿年前)被限制在 1750 米以下。总的来说,我们的结果支持环境十字路口假设,即不同植物群的中等梯度混合在中海拔安第斯森林中创造了与亚马逊低地相媲美的进化多样性。
更新日期:2021-07-14
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