Fragrances can cause general health issues, and special concerns exist surrounding the issue of skin safety. Cinnamyl alcohol (CAL) is a frequent fragrance contact allergen that has various toxic effects on indiscriminate animals. In the present study, the photodegradation transformation mechanism of CAL and toxicity evolution during this process were examined. The results showed that CAL (50 μM) can be completely degraded after 90-min ultraviolet (UV) irradiation with a degradation rate of 0.086 min^–1. Increased toxicity on bioluminescent bacteria was observed during this process, with lethality increasing from 10.6% (0 min) to 50.2% (90 min) under UV light irradiation. Further, the photodegradation mechanisms of CAL were explored to find the reason behind the increased toxicity observed. Laser flash photolysis and quenching experiments showed that O₂^•–, ¹O₂, and ^•OH were mainly responsible for CAL photodegradation, together with ³CAL* and e_aq^–. The 5 main photodegradation products were cinnamyl aldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzenepropanal, cinnamic acid, and toluene, as identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time-of-flight–mass spectrometry. Once exposed to air, CAL was found to be easily oxidized to cinnamyl aldehyde and subsequently to cinnamic acid by O₂^•–- or ¹O₂-mediated pathways, leading to increased toxicity. Benzaldehyde exhibited bioreactive toxicity, increasing the toxicity through ^•OH-mediated pathways. Theoretical prediction of skin irritation indicated that cinnamyl aldehyde (0.83), benzenepropanal (0.69), cinnamyl aldehyde (0.69), and benzaldehyde (0.70) were higher than CAL (0.63), which may cause a profound impact on an individual's health and well-being. Overall, the present study advances the understanding of the photodegradation processes and health impacts of fragrance ingredients. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2705–2714. © 2021 SETAC

中文翻译：

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接触过敏原香精肉桂醇的光降解研究：动力学、机理和毒性

香水会导致一般健康问题，并且围绕皮肤安全问题存在特殊问题。肉桂醇 (CAL) 是一种常见的香料接触过敏原，对滥杀滥伤的动物具有多种毒性作用。在本研究中，研究了 CAL 的光降解转化机制和该过程中的毒性演变。结果表明，CAL（50 μM）在紫外线（UV）照射90分钟后可完全降解，降解率为0.086 min ^–1. 在此过程中观察到对生物发光细菌的毒性增加，在紫外线照射下，致死率从 10.6%（0 分钟）增加到 50.2%（90 分钟）。此外，还探索了 CAL 的光降解机制，以找出所观察到的毒性增加背后的原因。激光闪光光解和淬火实验表明，O ₂ ^•–、¹ O ₂和^• OH 是 CAL 光降解的主要原因，此外还有³ CAL* 和 e _aq ^–. 5 种主要的光降解产物是肉桂醛、苯甲醛、苯丙醛、肉桂酸和甲苯，使用气相色谱-质谱法和液相色谱法-四极杆飞行时间-质谱法鉴定。一旦暴露于空气中，发现CAL 很容易被O ₂ ^•- - 或¹ O ₂介导的途径氧化成肉桂醛，随后氧化成肉桂酸，导致毒性增加。苯甲醛表现出生物活性毒性，通过^{•增加毒性}OH 介导的途径。皮肤刺激的理论预测表明，肉桂醛（0.83）、苯丙醛（0.69）、肉桂醛（0.69）和苯甲醛（0.70）高于CAL（0.63），这可能对个人的健康和健康产生深远的影响。存在。总体而言，本研究促进了对香精成分的光降解过程和健康影响的理解。环境毒物化学2021；40:2705–2714。© 2021 SETAC