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Exceptional ancient DNA preservation and fibre remains of a Sasanian saltmine sheep mummy in Chehrābād, Iran
Biology Letters ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-14 , DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0222
Conor Rossi 1 , Gabriela Ruß-Popa 2 , Valeria Mattiangeli 1 , Fionnuala McDaid 1 , Andrew J Hare 1 , Hossein Davoudi 3 , Haeedeh Laleh 3, 4 , Zahra Lorzadeh 3 , Roya Khazaeli 3 , Homa Fathi 3 , Matthew D Teasdale 5 , Abolfazl A'ali 6 , Thomas Stöllner 7 , Marjan Mashkour 3, 8 , Kevin G Daly 1
Affiliation  

Mummified remains have long attracted interest as a potential source of ancient DNA. However, mummification is a rare process that requires an anhydrous environment to rapidly dehydrate and preserve tissue before complete decomposition occurs. We present the whole-genome sequences (3.94 X) of an approximately 1600-year-old naturally mummified sheep recovered from Chehrābād, a salt mine in northwestern Iran. Comparative analyses of published ancient sequences revealed the remarkable DNA integrity of this mummy. Hallmarks of postmortem damage, fragmentation and hydrolytic deamination are substantially reduced, likely owing to the high salinity of this taphonomic environment. Metagenomic analyses reflect the profound influence of high-salt content on decomposition; its microbial profile is predominated by halophilic archaea and bacteria, possibly contributing to the remarkable preservation of the sample. Applying population genomic analyses, we find clustering of this sheep with Southwest Asian modern breeds, suggesting ancestry continuity. Genotyping of a locus influencing the woolly phenotype showed the presence of an ancestral ‘hairy’ allele, consistent with hair fibre imaging. This, along with derived alleles associated with the fat-tail phenotype, provides genetic evidence that Sasanian-period Iranians maintained specialized sheep flocks for different uses, with the ‘hairy’, ‘fat-tailed’-genotyped sheep likely kept by the rural community of Chehrābād's miners.



中文翻译:

伊朗 Chehrābād 的萨珊盐矿羊木乃伊非凡的古代 DNA 保存和纤维遗骸

长期以来,木乃伊遗骸作为古代 DNA 的潜在来源引起了人们的兴趣。然而,木乃伊化是一种罕见的过程,需要无水环境才能在完全分解之前迅速脱水并保存组织。我们展示了从伊朗西北部的盐矿 Chehrābād 回收的大约 1600 年历史的天然木乃伊羊的全基因组序列 (3.94 X)。对已发表的古代序列的比较分析揭示了这具木乃伊非凡的 DNA 完整性。死后损坏、碎裂和水解脱氨基的标志显着减少,这可能是由于这种埋藏环境的高盐度。宏基因组分析反映了高盐含量对分解的深远影响;它的微生物特征主要是嗜盐古菌和细菌,可能有助于样品的显着保存。应用种群基因组分析,我们发现这只绵羊与西南亚现代品种的聚类,表明祖先的连续性。影响毛状表型的基因座的基因分型显示存在祖先的“毛状”等位基因,与头发纤维成像一致。这,连同与肥尾表型相关的衍生等位基因,提供了遗传证据,表明萨珊时期的伊朗人饲养专门用于不同用途的羊群,“多毛”、“肥尾”基因型绵羊可能由农村社区饲养Chehrābād 的矿工。影响毛状表型的基因座的基因分型显示存在祖先的“毛状”等位基因,与头发纤维成像一致。这连同与肥尾表型相关的衍生等位基因提供了遗传证据,表明萨珊王朝时期的伊朗人饲养专门的绵羊群用于不同用途,“多毛”、“肥尾”基因型绵羊可能由农村社区饲养Chehrābād 的矿工。影响毛状表型的基因座的基因分型显示存在祖先的“毛状”等位基因,与头发纤维成像一致。这,连同与肥尾表型相关的衍生等位基因,提供了遗传证据,表明萨珊时期的伊朗人饲养专门用于不同用途的羊群,“多毛”、“肥尾”基因型绵羊可能由农村社区饲养Chehrābād 的矿工。

更新日期:2021-07-14
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