Though electrophysiological measures (EEG and ERP) offer complementary information to MRI and a variety of advantages for studying infants and young children, these measures have not yet been included in large cohort studies of neurodevelopment. This review summarizes the types of EEG and ERP measures that could be used in the HEALthy Brain and Cognitive Development (HBCD) study, and the promises and challenges in doing so. First, we provide brief overview of the use of EEG/ERP for studying the developing brain and discuss exemplar findings, using resting or baseline EEG measures as well as the ERP mismatch negativity (MMN) as exemplars. We then discuss the promises of EEG/ERP such as feasibility, while balancing challenges such as ensuring good signal quality in diverse children with different hair types. We then describe an ongoing multi-site EEG data harmonization from our groups. We discuss the process of alignment and provide preliminary usability data for both resting state EEG data and auditory ERP MMN in diverse samples including over 300 infants and toddlers. Finally, we provide recommendations and considerations for the HBCD study and other studies of neurodevelopment.

尽管电生理测量（EEG 和 ERP）为 MRI 提供了补充信息，并为研究婴幼儿提供了多种优势，但这些测量尚未被纳入神经发育的大型队列研究。这篇综述总结了可用于健康大脑和认知发展 (HBCD) 研究的 EEG 和 ERP 测量的类型，以及这样做的前景和挑战。首先，我们简要概述了使用 EEG/ERP 研究大脑发育并讨论范例发现，使用静息或基线 EEG 测量以及 ERP 失配负性 (MMN) 作为范例。然后我们讨论 EEG/ERP 的前景，例如可行性，同时平衡挑战，例如确保不同头发类型的不同儿童的良好信号质量。然后，我们描述了我们小组正在进行的多站点 EEG 数据协调。我们讨论了对齐过程，并为包括 300 多名婴幼儿在内的不同样本提供了静息状态 EEG 数据和听觉 ERP MMN 的初步可用性数据。最后，我们为六溴环十二烷研究和其他神经发育研究提供了建议和注意事项。