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Characterizing the multidimensionality of microplastics across environmental compartments
Water Research ( IF 12.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117429
Merel Kooi 1 , Sebastian Primpke 2 , Svenja M Mintenig 1 , Claudia Lorenz 3 , Gunnar Gerdts 2 , Albert A Koelmans 1
Affiliation  

Understanding the multidimensionality of microplastics is essential for a realistic assessment of the risks these particles pose to the environment and human health. Here, we capture size, shape, area, polymer, volume and mass characteristics of >60,000 individual microplastic particles as continuous distributions. Particles originate from samples taken from different aquatic compartments, including surface water and sediments from the marine and freshwater environment, waste water effluents, and freshwater organisms. Data were obtained using state-of-the-art FTIR-imaging, using the same automated imaging post-processing software. We introduce a workflow with two quality criteria that assure minimum data quality loss due to volumetric and filter area subsampling. We find that probability density functions (PDFs) for particle length follow power law distributions, with median slopes ranging from 2.2 for marine surface water to 3.1 for biota samples, and that these slopes were compartment-specific. Polymer-specific PDFs for particle length demonstrated significant differences in slopes among polymers, hinting at polymer specific sources, removal or fragmentation processes. Furthermore, we provide PDFs for particle width, width to length ratio, area, specific surface area, volume and mass distributions and propose how these can represent the full diversity of toxicologically relevant dose metrics required for the assessment of microplastic risks.



中文翻译:

表征跨环境隔间的微塑料的多维性

了解微塑料的多维性对于实际评估这些颗粒对环境和人类健康构成的风险至关重要。在这里,我们将 > 60,000 个单个微塑料颗粒的大小、形状、面积、聚合物、体积和质量特征捕获为连续分布。颗粒来自不同水生区域的样本,包括来自海洋和淡水环境的地表水和沉积物、废水和淡水生物。数据是使用最先进的 FTIR 成像获得的,使用相同的自动成像后处理软件。我们引入了一个具有两个质量标准的工作流程,以确保由于体积和过滤区​​域二次采样而导致的数据质量损失最小。我们发现粒子长度的概率密度函数 (PDF) 遵循幂律分布,中值斜率范围从海洋地表水的 2.2 到生物群样本的 3.1,并且这些斜率是特定于隔间的。聚合物特定的粒子长度 PDF 显示出聚合物之间斜率的显着差异,暗示了聚合物特定的来源、去除或碎裂过程。此外,我们提供了颗粒宽度、宽长比、面积、比表面积、体积和质量分布的 PDF,并提出了这些如何代表评估微塑料风险所需的毒理学相关剂量指标的全部多样性。聚合物特定的粒子长度 PDF 显示出聚合物之间斜率的显着差异,暗示了聚合物特定的来源、去除或碎裂过程。此外,我们提供颗粒宽度、宽度与长度比、面积、比表面积、体积和质量分布的 PDF,并提出这些如何代表评估微塑料风险所需的毒理学相关剂量指标的全部多样性。聚合物特定的粒子长度 PDF 显示出聚合物之间斜率的显着差异,暗示了聚合物特定的来源、去除或碎裂过程。此外,我们提供了颗粒宽度、宽长比、面积、比表面积、体积和质量分布的 PDF,并提出了这些如何代表评估微塑料风险所需的毒理学相关剂量指标的全部多样性。

更新日期:2021-07-23
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