Objective Brain-based Biotypes for psychotic disorders have been developed as part of the B-SNIP consortium to create neurobiologically distinct subgroups within idiopathic psychosis, independent from traditional phenomenological diagnostic methods. In the current study, we aimed to validate the Biotype model by assessing differences in volume and shape of the amygdala and hippocampus contrasting traditional clinical diagnoses with Biotype classification. Methods A total of 811 participants from 6 sites were included: probands with schizophrenia (n = 199), schizoaffective disorder (n = 122), psychotic bipolar disorder with psychosis (n = 160), and healthy controls (n = 330). Biotype classification, previously developed using cognitive and electrophysiological data and K-means clustering, was used to categorize psychosis probands into 3 Biotypes, with Biotype-1 (B-1) showing reduced neural salience and severe cognitive impairment. MAGeT-Brain segmentation was used to determine amygdala and hippocampal volumetric data and shape deformations. Results When using Biotype classification, B-1 showed the strongest reductions in amygdala-hippocampal volume and the most widespread shape abnormalities. Using clinical diagnosis, probands with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder showed the most significant reductions of amygdala and hippocampal volumes and the most abnormal hippocampal shape compared with healthy controls. Biotype classification provided the strongest neuroanatomical differences compared with conventional DSM diagnoses, with the best discrimination seen using bilateral amygdala and right hippocampal volumes in B-1. Conclusion These findings characterize amygdala and hippocampal volumetric and shape abnormalities across the psychosis spectrum. Grouping individuals by Biotype showed greater between-group discrimination, suggesting a promising approach and a favorable target for characterizing biological heterogeneity across the psychosis spectrum.

中文翻译：

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跨精神病谱的诊断和生物型比较：调查 B-SNIP 研究中杏仁核-海马体的体积和形状差异

作为 B-SNIP 联盟的一部分，针对精神病的基于脑的生物型已被开发出来，以在特发性精神病中创建神经生物学上不同的亚组，独立于传统的现象学诊断方法。在目前的研究中，我们旨在通过评估杏仁核和海马体的体积和形状差异来验证 Biotype 模型，并将传统临床诊断与 Biotype 分类进行对比。方法共纳入来自 6 个地点的 811 名参与者：精神分裂症先证者 (n = 199)、分裂情感障碍 (n = 122)、精神病性双相情感障碍伴精神病 (n = 160) 和健康对照者 (n = 330)。先前使用认知和电生理数据以及 K-means 聚类开发的生物型分类被用于将精神病先证者分为 3 种生物型，Biotype-1 (B-1) 显示神经显着性降低和严重的认知障碍。MAGeT-Brain 分割用于确定杏仁核和海马体积数据和形状变形。结果 当使用生物型分类时，B-1 显示杏仁核-海马体积的最大减少和最普遍的形状异常。通过临床诊断，与健康对照组相比，精神分裂症和分裂情感障碍的先证者表现出杏仁核和海马体积的最显着减少以及最异常的海马形状。与传统 DSM 诊断相比，生物型分类提供了最强的神经解剖学差异，使用 B-1 中的双侧杏仁核和右侧海马体积可以看到最好的区分。结论 这些发现表征了整个精神病谱中的杏仁核和海马体积和形状异常。按生物型对个体进行分组显示出更大的组间歧视，这表明了一种有前途的方法和一个有利的目标，用于表征整个精神病谱的生物异质性。