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Leverages and obstacles facing post-cyclone recovery in Saint-Martin, Caribbean: Between the ‘window of opportunity’ and the ‘systemic risk’?
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102453
Annabelle Moatty 1, 2 , Delphine Grancher 2 , Virginie K.E. Duvat 1
Affiliation  

The 2017 hurricane season in the Caribbean Basin recorded 18 events (storms and hurricanes), including Category 5 hurricane Irma on which this article focuses. The aim of this study is to analyse the ‘window of opportunity’ of the post-Irma reconstruction in Saint Martin. Located 250 km north of Guadeloupe, Saint Martin is a small bi-national island composed of two entities: Sint Maarten in the south (state of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) and Saint-Martin in the north (French overseas ‘Collectivité’). Our research focuses on the French region, and reconstructions and formalises various attributes, operations and sectors preceding and following the passage of the cyclone. This research highlights twelve key variables distributed within four interdependent spheres (political-administrative, economic and financial, socio-cultural and land-use planning) of Saint-Martin's vulnerabilities. This is represented and analysed schematically through an ‘influence diagram’ (ID). The research outlines the balancing or reinforcing effects of four major variables of the post-disaster period: state re-engagement, post-disaster price increases, intra-communal solidarity and updating risk prevention plans. It appears that disasters alone cannot be considered as a ‘window of opportunity’ given the weight of pre-existing structures and operating patterns. The case of Saint-Martin illustrates the inertia of a system in the face of a major event, despite strong decisions to implement disaster risk reduction and recovery.



中文翻译:

加勒比海圣马丁飓风后复苏面临的杠杆和障碍:在“机会之窗”和“系统性风险”之间?

2017 年加勒比海盆地的飓风季节记录了 18 次事件(风暴和飓风),其中包括本文重点介绍的 5 级飓风艾尔玛。本研究的目的是分析圣马丁后艾尔玛重建的“机会之窗”。圣马丁岛位于瓜德罗普岛以北 250 公里处,是一个由两个实体组成的两国小岛:南部的圣马丁岛(荷兰王国)和北部的圣马丁岛(法国海外“集体”)。我们的研究侧重于法国地区,并在气旋经过之前和之后对各种属性、操作和部门进行了重建和形式化。这项研究突出了分布在四个相互依存的领域(政治-行政、经济和金融、社会文化和土地使用规划)的圣马丁脆弱性。这通过“影响图”(ID)示意性地表示和分析。该研究概述了灾后四个主要变量的平衡或强化效应:国家重新参与、灾后价格上涨、社区内部团结和更新风险预防计划。鉴于预先存在的结构和操作模式的重要性,似乎不能将灾害本身视为“机会之窗”。圣马丁的案例说明了一个系统在面临重大事件时的惯性,尽管做出了实施减少灾害风险和恢复的有力决定。该研究概述了灾后四个主要变量的平衡或强化效应:国家重新参与、灾后价格上涨、社区内团结和更新风险预防计划。鉴于预先存在的结构和操作模式的重要性,似乎不能将灾害本身视为“机会之窗”。圣马丁的案例说明了一个系统在面临重大事件时的惯性,尽管做出了实施减少灾害风险和恢复的强有力决定。该研究概述了灾后四个主要变量的平衡或强化效应:国家重新参与、灾后价格上涨、社区内部团结和更新风险预防计划。鉴于预先存在的结构和操作模式的重要性,似乎不能将灾害本身视为“机会之窗”。圣马丁的案例说明了一个系统在面临重大事件时的惯性,尽管做出了实施减少灾害风险和恢复的强有力决定。鉴于预先存在的结构和操作模式的重要性,似乎不能将灾害本身视为“机会之窗”。圣马丁的案例说明了一个系统在面临重大事件时的惯性,尽管做出了实施减少灾害风险和恢复的强有力决定。鉴于预先存在的结构和操作模式的重要性,似乎不能将灾害本身视为“机会之窗”。圣马丁的案例说明了一个系统在面临重大事件时的惯性,尽管做出了实施减少灾害风险和恢复的强有力决定。

更新日期:2021-07-20
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