ABSTRACT

In clinical psychology, burnout is regarded as a mental disorder assessed in patients who apply for psychological treatment and no longer work because of their symptoms or experience of serious problems in functioning at work. This definition of burnout is mostly referred to as ‘clinical burnout’. The purpose of this article is to provide insight into how clinicians in The Netherlands establish a diagnosis of clinical burnout and how they fit it in their classification systems. An outline is given on how psychological interventions for burnout are applied in therapies. The different phases in the treatment of clinical burnout – crisis, recovery, prevention, and post burnout growth, as well as their accompanying interventions are described. It may be relevant for work and organizational psychologists to realize that biological processes may play a role in the development of clinical burnout. For the physiology of stress, it does not matter whether the stress is work-related or the result of stress in private life or both. Central to understanding clinical burnout is the lack of recovery of the (physiological) stress system. It is also argued that the relevance of questionnaires, for detecting who is at serious health risk, is limited.

摘要

在临床心理学中，倦怠被认为是在申请心理治疗但因症状或工作中出现严重问题而不再工作的患者中评估的精神障碍。这种倦怠的定义通常被称为“临床倦怠”。本文的目的是深入了解荷兰的临床医生如何建立临床倦怠的诊断以及他们如何将其纳入他们的分类系统。概述了如何在治疗中应用针对倦怠的心理干预。描述了临床倦怠治疗的不同阶段——危机、恢复、预防和倦怠后的成长，以及相应的干预措施。工作和组织心理学家意识到生物学过程可能在临床倦怠的发展中发挥作用可能是相关的。对于压力的生理学，压力是与工作有关还是与私人生活中的压力有关，或两者兼而有之，都无关紧要。理解临床倦怠的核心是（生理）压力系统缺乏恢复。也有人认为，调查问卷在检测谁处于严重健康风险方面的相关性是有限的。