ABSTRACT

This paper examines the history and social life of the underground public spaces in three Moscow Metro stations just north of Red Square and the Kremlin: Okhotny Ryad, Tverskaya, and Ploshchad Revolyutsii stations. Moscow’s subway originated from two motivations: to improve the public transit system and to revitalize Moscow’s centre instead of moving out to the suburbs for growth. To achieve these goals, subway architects and planners devised beautiful and people-friendly subway stations that cannot be observed in other Western cities. The resulting spaces successfully accommodated a high level of social activities in the central halls of the platforms as well as on escalators. Several urban design principles, including “soft edge” and “triangulation props”, can be observed regardless of the designers’ original intent. Moscow’s subway stations are case studies worth exploring before architects and planners design their underground systems.

摘要

本文考察了位于红场和克里姆林宫以北的三个莫斯科地铁站的地下公共空间的历史和社会生活：Okhotny Ryad、Tverskaya 和 Ploshchad Revolyutsii 站。莫斯科地铁起源于两个动机：改善公共交通系统和振兴莫斯科市中心，而不是为了增长而搬到郊区。为了实现这些目标，地铁建筑师和规划师设计了在其他西方城市无法观察到的美丽且人性化的地铁站。由此产生的空间成功地容纳了平台中央大厅和自动扶梯上的高水平社交活动。无论设计师的初衷如何，都可以遵循包括“软边缘”和“三角道具”在内的几个城市设计原则。