Purpose

This study aims to investigate the moderation role of the percentage of women in the country labour force in the relationship between firm-level governance factors (board size, institutional ownership, ownership concentration, board independence, performance, firm size, firm’s risk and sector) and women on boards (WOBs) in publicly listed firms in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The study relied on a sample of 436 publicly listed firms in 2018 in six GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates).

Findings

The study concluded that the percentage of women in the country’s labour force has a moderation role in the relationship between board size and WOB, as well as firm market performance and WOBs. However, ownership concentration, firm size, firm risk and firm sector do not affect the percentage of WOB; consequently, the percentage of women in the country’s labour force did not have a moderation role in the relationship between these variables and the percentage of WOBs.

Originality/value

The study incorporates an institutional level variable which is the percentage of women in the country’s labour force in a firm-level relationship mostly understood by agency theory.

中文翻译：

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董事会中的女性：女性劳动力参与的调节作用

目的

本研究旨在调查国家劳动力中女性比例在公司层面治理因素（董事会规模、机构所有权、所有权集中度、董事会独立性、绩效、公司规模、公司风险和部门）之间的关系中的调节作用海湾合作委员会 (GCC) 国家上市公司的女性董事会成员 (WOB)。

设计/方法/方法

该研究依赖于 2018 年六个海湾合作委员会国家（巴林、科威特、沙特阿拉伯、阿曼、卡塔尔和阿拉伯联合酋长国）的 436 家上市公司的样本。

发现

该研究得出的结论是，女性在该国劳动力中的百分比在董事会规模与 WOB 以及公司市场绩效和 WOB 之间的关系中具有适度作用。但是，所有权集中度、企业规模、企业风险和企业部门不影响 WOB 的百分比；因此，该国劳动力中的女性百分比在这些变量与 WOB 百分比之间的关系中没有起到调节作用。

原创性/价值

该研究纳入了一个制度层面的变量，该变量是主要由代理理论理解的公司层面关系中女性在该国劳动力中的百分比。