ABSTRACT This essay aims at reconsidering the impact of Physiocratic ideas on the United States context during and after the American Revolution, which represented the first turning point concerning the democratic implications of political economy. In the confrontation in the 1790s between Jefferson’s Republicans and Hamilton’s Federalists the early scientific analysis of economics, grounded in the central role of agriculture formulated by Physiocracy, gave strong theoretical validation of the agrarian democracy ideology as an alternative to the British model and contributed to shaping the American identity. The article will investigate this opposition and the economic culture that provides theoretical foundations to two opposed political projects. The reasons and the forms of this impact will be explored through the confrontation between Alexander Hamilton’s Report on Manufactures and George Logan’s series of pamphlets conceived as an orchestrated campaign against the Secretary of the Treasury. The study of Physiocracy beyond Europe and the Old Regime can offer new and divergent outlooks compared to recent studies aiming at questioning the relevance of Physiocratic theory in the Old Regime social and political context and its impact during the French Revolution.

中文翻译：

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十八世纪美国的重农主义。经济理论与政治武器

摘要 本文旨在重新考虑重农思想对美国独立战争期间和之后的美国环境的影响，这代表了政治经济学民主影响的第一个转折点。在 1790 年代杰斐逊的共和党人和汉密尔顿的联邦党人之间的对抗中，早期的经济学科学分析以重农学派阐述的农业的核心作用为基础，对作为英国模式替代品的农业民主意识形态提供了强有力的理论验证，并有助于塑造美国的身份。本文将调查这种对立以及为两个对立的政治项目提供理论基础的经济文化。这种影响的原因和形式将通过亚历山大·汉密尔顿的《制造业报告》和乔治·洛根的一系列小册子之间的对抗来探讨，这些小册子被认为是针对财政部长的精心策划的运动。与最近旨在质疑重农理论在旧政权社会和政治背景中的相关性及其在法国大革命期间的影响的研究相比，对欧洲和旧政权以外的重农政治的研究可以提供新的和不同的观点。