Esophageal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors, especially in north China. Surgery is one of the major treatments. However, for locally advanced cases, surgery alone does not achieve an ideal prognosis. As a result of rapid development in recent years, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant radiotherapy or neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery are becoming the “standard treatment pattern” for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, and an improvement in prognosis is evident. With the gradual application of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer, neoadjuvant immunotherapy has also shown an important role. This article mainly focuses on the history and current status of neoadjuvant treatment and its future role in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

中文翻译：

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局部晚期食管癌新辅助治疗的历史与现状

食管癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，尤其是在华北地区。手术是主要的治疗方法之一。然而，对于局部晚期病例，单独手术并不能达到理想的预后。近年来，新辅助化疗、新辅助放疗或新辅助放化疗后手术发展迅速，正成为局部晚期食管癌患者的“标准治疗模式”，预后改善明显。随着免疫治疗在食管癌中的逐步应用，新辅助免疫治疗也显示出重要作用。本文主要关注新辅助治疗的历史和现状及其在食管癌治疗中的未来作用。