Given that forest dieback due to emerging pests is increasing under global warming, understanding the relationships between pests, climate, and forest biodiversity is an urgent priority. In Japan, mass attacks of an ambrosia beetle, vectoring a pathogenic fungus, cause oak wilt outbreaks in recent decades. Here, the associations of oak wilt and climate with wood-inhabiting fungal communities in apparently healthy Quercus serrata trunks were investigated using DNA metabarcoding in seven sites along a climatic gradient in Japan. Amplicon sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 region generated 1,339,958 sequence reads containing 879 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in 234 wood samples. OTU compositions were significantly different between sites with and without oak wilt. OTU richness increased with temperature and precipitation at sites where oak wilt was present, but this relationship was not observed at sites without oak wilt, possibly due to interaction between oak wilt and climate.

鉴于在全球变暖下新出现的害虫导致的森林枯死正在增加，了解害虫、气候和森林生物多样性之间的关系是当务之急。在日本，近几十年来，以病原真菌为载体的豚草甲虫的大规模袭击导致了橡树枯萎病的爆发。在这里，橡树枯萎和气候与明显健康的锯齿栎中的木材真菌群落的关联在日本沿气候梯度的七个地点使用 DNA 元条形码对树干进行了调查。真菌内部转录间隔区 1 区域的扩增子测序产生了 1,339,958 个序列读数，其中包含 234 个木材样品中的 879 个真菌操作分类单位 (OTU)。OTU 组成在有和没有橡树枯萎的地点之间有显着差异。在存在橡树枯萎病的地点，OTU 丰富度随着温度和降水而增加，但在没有橡树枯萎病的地点没有观察到这种关系，这可能是由于橡树枯萎病与气候之间的相互作用。