Background

Occupational exposure to pesticides has been reported among general population worldwide. However, little is known about the associations between non-occupational exposure to pesticides, and biological markers of health and their response by sex.

Objectives

We aimed to assess the associations between non-occupational overall pesticide exposure, length of exposure and specific pesticides reported with 35 biological markers of health representing cardiometabolic, haematological, lung function, sex hormones, liver and kidney function profiles, and vitamin D in Finnish cohort.

Methods

31-year cross-sectional examination of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 provided blood samples for biomarker measurements in 1997–1998. Number of subjects varied between 2361 and 5037 for given exposures and certain outcome associations. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine associations between overall pesticide exposure (OPE), length of pesticide exposure in months (PEM), in years (PEY), and specific pesticides use (PEU) or not with cardiometabolic [SBP, DBP, TC, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, HOMA-S, hs-CRP], hematological [WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets], lung function (FVC, FEV1), sex hormones [luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TT), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG)], liver and kidney function profiles [total protein, albumin, globulin, ALP, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine], and vitamin D adjusting for sex, BMI, socioeconomic position (SEP) and season of pesticide use.

Results

This cohort study on up to 5037 adults with non-occupational OPE, PEM, PEY and PEU differed by sex and SEP. In regression analyses, all the exposures were positively associated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and PEU was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in females. OPE and PEM were positively associated with haematocrit in females and PEU with platelets in males. PEU was negatively associated with mean corpuscular haemoglobin. OPE and PEM were positively associated with LH in males. OPE was negatively associated with total protein and albumin in males.

Discussion

In Finnish young adults, non-occupational overall pesticide exposure, length of exposure and specific pesticides were associated with multiple biological markers of health. The biological markers seem to be indicative of adverse effects of pesticides and warrant for further studies to replicate the findings and determine the underlying mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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芬兰北部普通人群非职业性接触杀虫剂和健康标志物：性别差异

背景

据报道，世界范围内的普通人群职业性接触杀虫剂。然而，关于非职业性接触杀虫剂与健康的生物标志物及其对性别的反应之间的关联知之甚少。

目标

我们旨在评估芬兰队列中非职业性总体农药暴露、暴露时间和特定农药与代表心脏代谢、血液学、肺功能、性激素、肝肾功能和维生素 D 的 35 种健康生物标志物之间的关联.

方法

1966 年对芬兰北部出生队列进行了 31 年的横断面检查，为 1997-1998 年的生物标志物测量提供了血液样本。对于给定的暴露和某些结果关联，受试者的数量在 2361 和 5037 之间变化。进行了多变量回归分析，以检查总体农药暴露 (OPE)、农药暴露时长（月数 (PEM)、年数 (PEY) 和特定农药使用 (PEU) 与心脏代谢 [SBP、DBP、TC、 LDL、HDL、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、胰岛素、HOMA-IR、HOMA-B、HOMA-S、hs-CRP]、血液学 [WBC、RBC、Hb、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC、血小板]、肺功能（ FVC、FEV1)、性激素 [促黄体生成素 (LH)、睾酮 (TT)、性激素结合球蛋白 (SHBG)]、肝肾功能概况 [总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、ALP、ALT、GGT、尿素、

结果

这项对多达 5037 名患有非职业性 OPE、PEM、PEY 和 PEU 的成年人进行的队列研究因性别和 SEP 而异。在回归分析中，所有暴露都与女性的总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关，而 PEU 与女性的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关。OPE 和 PEM 与女性的血细胞比容呈正相关，而 PEU 与男性的血小板呈正相关。PEU 与平均红细胞血红蛋白呈负相关。OPE 和 PEM 与男性 LH 呈正相关。OPE与男性的总蛋白和白蛋白呈负相关。

讨论

在芬兰年轻人中，非职业总体农药暴露、暴露时间和特定农药与多种健康生物标志物相关。生物标志物似乎表明农药的不利影响，需要进一步研究以复制研究结果并确定潜在机制。