In the aquaculture industry, selective breeding has played an important role in increasing aquaculture production significantly. To meet the global growing demand for high quality proteins, it is essential to apply novel technologies to accelerate breeding to facilitate the increase in aquaculture production. Gene and genome editing technologies, including ZFNs, TALLENS and Crispr/Cas9, are promising tools to speed up genetic improvement. Among all the genome editing approaches, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is faster, cheaper and precise in editing genes/genomes. Therefore, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the editing of genomes in aquaculture species is emerging rapidly. It has been applied to precisely edit genes to identify gene functions and generate the preferred traits in over 20 aquaculture species. This review summarises the genome editing technologies and their applications in the rapid improvement of economic traits in the aquaculture industry. Challenges and future directions of genome editing are also discussed.

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基因组编辑及其在水产养殖遗传改良中的应用

在水产养殖业，选育在显着提高水产养殖产量方面发挥了重要作用。为了满足全球对高质量蛋白质不断增长的需求，必须应用新技术来加速育种，以促进水产养殖产量的增加。基因和基因组编辑技术，包括 ZFN、TALLENS 和 Crispr/Cas9，是加速遗传改良的有前途的工具。在所有基因组编辑方法中，CRISPR/Cas9 系统在编辑基因/基因组方面更快、更便宜、更精确。因此，CRISPR/Cas9技术在水产养殖物种基因组编辑中的应用正在迅速兴起。它已被应用于精确编辑基因，以识别基因功能并在 20 多个水产养殖物种中产生偏好性状。本综述总结了基因组编辑技术及其在水产养殖业经济性状快速改善中的应用。还讨论了基因组编辑的挑战和未来方向。