Introduction

The research on the link between the Built Environment (BE) and Children Independent Mobility (CIM) is on the rise due to CIM's multiple health and other policy benefits. These studies have conceptualised and measured CIM using various indicators, such as mobility licence, independent time spent outdoor, and territorial range. A major problem with these indicators is that they do not indicate the extent of CIM behaviour. For example, a child is labelled as independent irrespective of whether they are independent for all trips or for a single trip or the amount of time spent independently compared to time spent with someone. This weakness of previous studies suggests applying proportionate measures to understand the relationship between the BE and CIM behaviour.

Methods

This research uses the proportion of trips made independently as an indicator of CIM and investigates the BE-CIM link stratified by discretionary and non-discretionary CIM. A two-day activity-travel diary data were collected from 151 children aged between 10 and 14 years from Dhaka, Bangladesh. BE data were generated through a virtual BE audit and spatial analysis using ArcGIS and Space Syntax. Three fractional regression models were estimated, one for each of the overall, discretionary, and non-discretionary trips. One Poisson regression model was also estimated for the count of overall CIM to identify if the proportionate measure unlocked new findings.

Results

Results show that: a) the proportion of CIM is higher for discretionary trips; b) the frequently visited locations do not necessarily attract more independent trips; c) proportionate measure unlocks new insights for CIM, and d) BE affects discretionary and non-discretionary CIM differently, e.g. the presence of recreational land use is associated with discretionary CIM but not with non-discretionary CIM.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that the proportionate measure can effectively be applied to measure the extent of CIM, and BE needs to be designed in tandem with the type of CIM to be promoted.

中文翻译：

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独立出行与依赖出行的比例：了解建筑环境对儿童独立出行影响的新措施

介绍

由于 CIM 的多种健康和其他政策利益，关于建筑环境 (BE) 和儿童独立流动性 (CIM) 之间联系的研究正在增加。这些研究使用各种指标对 CIM 进行了概念化和衡量，例如移动许可证、户外独立时间和领土范围。这些指标的一个主要问题是它们没有表明 CIM 行为的程度。例如，一个孩子被标记为独立的，无论他们是在所有旅行中还是单次旅行中都是独立的，或者与与某人一起度过的时间相比，他们独立花费的时间长短。先前研究的这一弱点表明应用相称的措施来理解 BE 和 CIM 行为之间的关系。

方法

本研究以独立出行的比例作为 CIM 的指标，并调查了由自由裁量和非自由裁量 CIM 分层的 BE-CIM 链接。从孟加拉国达卡的 10 到 14 岁的 151 名儿童收集了为期两天的活动-旅行日记数据。BE 数据是使用 ArcGIS 和 Space Syntax 通过虚拟 BE 审计和空间分析生成的。估计了三个分数回归模型，一个用于整体、自由裁量和非自由裁量的旅行。还估计了一个泊松回归模型，用于整体 CIM 的计数，以确定比例测量是否解锁了新的发现。

结果

结果表明：a）自主出行的CIM比例较高；b) 经常访问的地点不一定会吸引更多的独立旅行；c) 比例测量为 CIM 提供了新的见解，以及 d) BE 对任意和非任意 CIM 的影响不同，例如，休闲用地的存在与任意 CIM 相关，但与非任意 CIM 无关。

结论

研究结果表明，比例测量可以有效地用于衡量 CIM 的范围，并且 BE 需要与要推广的 CIM 类型一起设计。