A large body of research documents the existence of discrimination against migrants and ethnic minorities in the labour market. This study experimentally investigates for Austria, to what degree employment discrimination against ethnic minorities is mitigated, when they abstain from following the Austrian norm of including a photograph to their job application that would make their ethnicity salient or when they hold a local-sounding name. We apply social identity theory to explain why such mitigation may occur. In our correspondence test, using a single application design, we found that with matching ethnic names and ethnic photographs, black but not Asian job applicants suffered from discrimination. Discrimination was reduced for blacks (but not Asians) when they held a local-sounding name. Although photographs may facilitate ethnic discrimination, we did not find that their omission improved minorities’ relative employment chances. On the contrary, Asians were penalized for leaving out their photograph. Indeed, if candidates did not attach photos despite the convention to do so, we found statistically significant discrimination not only against black, but also Asian applicants.

中文翻译：

---

照片和地名对奥地利少数民族歧视的影响。现场实验

大量研究记录了劳动力市场上对移民和少数民族的歧视。本研究对奥地利进行了实验性调查，当他们不遵循奥地利的规范（在其工作申请中加入照片以突出其种族特征或当他们拥有一个听起来像当地人的名字时）时，对少数族裔的就业歧视在多大程度上得到了缓解。我们应用社会认同理论来解释为什么会发生这种缓解。在我们的通信测试中，使用单一的应用程序设计，我们发现在匹配种族名称和种族照片的情况下，黑人而非亚裔求职者会遭受歧视。当黑人（但不是亚洲人）拥有一个听起来像当地人的名字时，他们的歧视减少了。虽然照片可能助长种族歧视，但我们没有发现照片的遗漏会增加少数族裔的相对就业机会。相反，亚洲人因遗漏照片而受到处罚。事实上，如果候选人没有附上照片，尽管有惯例这样做，我们发现统计上的歧视不仅对黑人，而且对亚裔申请人都有显着的歧视。