Introduction: Obesity has emerged as one of the main public health problems. This condition triggers a series of hormonal and metabolic changes related to a low-grade chronic inflammatory condition. The trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind (TTIp) seeds is a promising anti-inflammatory molecule, but its safety needs to be evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate TTIp bioactive dose effects on organs involved in its metabolism (liver and pancreas) and affected tissues (small intestine and perirenal adipose tissue) in an obesity model. Methods: Three groups of adult male Wistar rats were used (n = 5). Two of these groups had diet-induced obesity, and a third group was eutrophic. TTIp was administered by gavage in one of the obese groups for 10 days, while the remaining groups received a vehicle. The chromatographic profile and the inhibition assay corroded the purification of the inhibitor. Physical and behavioral changes, liver enzymes, and stereological and histopathological analyses of tissues were evaluated. Results: TTIp did not cause visible signs of toxicity, nor caused changes in liver enzymes, the liver, and pancreatic tissues. TTIp did not cause changes in the intestinal mucosa, showing improvement in the villi’s histopathological characteristics compared to the group of animals with obesity without treatment with TTIp (p = 0.004). The analysis of perirenal adipose tissue showed that the average sectional area of animals with obesity that received TTIp did not differ from the control. There was a difference between the high glycemic load diet group and the group treated with the inhibitor (351.8 ± 55.5) (p = 0.016). In addition, the group that received TTIp had no inflammatory infiltrates. Conclusion: Based on histological and stereological analysis, the use of TTIp is potentially safe and anti-inflammatory in the evaluated obesity model and can be investigated as a possible adjuvant in obesity therapy.
Obes Facts

中文翻译：

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罗望子多功能蛋白：饮食诱导肥胖的临床前模型中肠道粘膜和脂肪组织的安全性和抗炎潜力

简介：肥胖已成为主要的公共卫生问题之一。这种情况会引发一系列与低度慢性炎症相关的激素和代谢变化。从罗望子 (TTIp) 种子中纯化的胰蛋白酶抑制剂是一种很有前途的抗炎分子，但其安全性需要评估。本研究旨在评估 TTIp 对肥胖模型中参与其代谢的器官（肝脏和胰腺）和受影响组织（小肠和肾周脂肪组织）的生物活性剂量效应。方法：使用了三组成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠 (n = 5)。其中两组患有饮食引起的肥胖症，第三组是富营养化的。在其中一个肥胖组中通过管饲法施用 TTIp 10 天，而其余组则接受赋形剂。色谱图和抑制试验腐蚀了抑制剂的纯化。评估了身体和行为变化、肝酶以及组织的立体学和组织病理学分析。结果： TTIp 没有引起明显的毒性迹象，也没有引起肝酶、肝脏和胰腺组织的变化。TTIp 未引起肠黏膜变化，与未用 TTIp 治疗的肥胖动物组相比，绒毛的组织病理学特征有所改善（p= 0.004）。肾周脂肪组织的分析表明，接受 TTIp 的肥胖动物的平均截面积与对照组没有差异。高血糖负荷饮食组与抑制剂治疗组之间存在差异 (351.8 ± 55.5) ( p = 0.016)。此外，接受 TTIp 的组没有炎症浸润。结论：基于组织学和体视学分析，在评估的肥胖模型中使用 TTIp 具有潜在的安全性和抗炎性，可以作为肥胖治疗的可能辅助剂进行研究。
肥胖事实