The hooded seal is a migratory species inhabiting the North Atlantic. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) conducted over spatial scales consistent with their known and potential habitat could provide insight into seasonal and spatial occurrence patterns of this species. Hooded seal airborne and underwater acoustic signals were recorded during the breeding season on the pack ice in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in March 2018 to better characterize their acoustic repertoire (notably underwater calls). In-air and underwater signals were classified into 12 and 22 types, respectively. Signals produced by males through the inflation and deflation of the proboscis and septum were the predominant sounds heard on the ice surface. Five of the 22 underwater signals were proboscis and septum noises. The remaining underwater signals (17) were categorized as voiced calls and further analyzed using two classification methods. Agreement with the initial subjective classification of voiced calls was high (77% for classification tree analysis and 88% for random forest analysis), showing that 12–13 call types separated well. The hooded seal's underwater acoustic repertoire is larger and more diverse than has been previously described. This study provides important baseline information necessary to monitor hooded seals using PAM.

中文翻译：

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圣劳伦斯湾繁殖季节的海豹在空中和水下发出的声音

冠海豹是一种栖息在北大西洋的迁徙物种。在与其已知和潜在栖息地一致的空间尺度上进行的被动声学监测 (PAM) 可以深入了解该物种的季节性和空间发生模式。2018 年 3 月，在圣劳伦斯湾浮冰的繁殖季节记录了海豹空中和水下声学信号，以更好地表征它们的声学曲目（特别是水下呼叫）。空中和水下信号分别分为 12 和 22 种类型。雄性通过长鼻和隔膜的膨胀和收缩产生的信号是冰面上听到的主要声音。22 个水下信号中有 5 个是长鼻和隔膜噪声。其余的水下信号 (17) 被归类为语音呼叫，并使用两种分类方法进一步分析。与语音呼叫的初始主观分类的一致性很高（分类树分析为 77%，随机森林分析为 88%），表明 12-13 种呼叫类型分离良好。带帽海豹的水下声学曲目比之前描述的更大，更多样化。该研究提供了使用 PAM 监测带罩密封所需的重要基线信息。水下声学曲目比之前描述的更大，更多样化。该研究提供了使用 PAM 监测带罩密封所需的重要基线信息。水下声学曲目比之前描述的更大，更多样化。该研究提供了使用 PAM 监测带罩密封所需的重要基线信息。