This study identified longitudinal and birth order differences in young children's use of power over a 2-year period; the sample included 2- and 4-year-old (T1) and 4- and 6-year-old (T2) siblings (n = 39). Power was investigated via its use (i.e., actions) and effectiveness (i.e., successful actions) during naturally occurring polyadic family conflicts at home involving three or more family members (two children and at least one parent or two parents and at least one child). Observations were transcribed and sequences of polyadic family conflict (T1 n = 780; T2 n = 210) were identified and coded for power (coercive, reward, legitimate, simple, information) and conflict resolution (win-lose, compromise, no resolution); win-lose resolution was used as an indicator of power effectiveness, by isolating winning cases for the analyses. Differences in power use and effectiveness were revealed across both time points and birth order, namely between 4-year-old older siblings at T1 and 4-year-old younger siblings at T2. Results provide insight into young children's power behavior within the family context.

中文翻译：

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幼儿在家庭冲突中对权力的不同使用：一项纵向研究

这项研究确定了 2 年期间幼儿使用权力的纵向和出生顺序差异；样本包括 2 岁和 4 岁 (T1) 以及 4 岁和 6 岁 (T2) 的兄弟姐妹 ( n  = 39)。在涉及三个或更多家庭成员（两个孩子和至少一个父母或两个父母和至少一个孩子）的家庭自然发生的多头家庭冲突中，通过其使用（即行动）和有效性（即成功的行动）来调查权力. 转录观察和多妻家庭冲突的序列（T1 n  = 780；T2 n = 210) 被识别并编码为权力（强制、奖励、合法、简单、信息）和冲突解决（输赢、妥协、不解决）；通过隔离获胜案例进行分析，输赢分辨率被用作功率有效性的指标。在时间点和出生顺序上，即在 T1 的 4 岁的哥哥姐姐和在 T2 的 4 岁的弟弟妹妹之间揭示了功率使用和有效性的差异。结果提供了对家庭背景下幼儿权力行为的洞察。