Progress in the treatment of cancer has significantly improved survival of oncologic patients in recent decades. However, anticancer therapies, particularly some new, more potent and targeted agents, are potentially cardiotoxic. As a consequence, cardiovascular complications, including heart failure, arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, venous thromboembolism, peripheral vascular disease, arrhythmias, pericardial disease, and pulmonary hypertension, as related to cancer itself or to anticancer treatments, are increasingly observed and may adversely affect prognosis in oncologic patients. Cardiovascular oncology is an emerging field in cardiology and internal medicine, which is rapidly growing, dealing with the prevention, the early detection, and the management of cardiovascular disease, in all stages of anticancer therapy and during the survivorship period, now crucial for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. In this narrative review, the existing literature regarding the epidemiology of cardiovascular oncology, the mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in cancer, and the pathophysiology of cardiotoxicity related to chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and radiotherapy will be analyzed and summarized.

近几十年来，癌症治疗的进展显着提高了肿瘤患者的生存率。然而，抗癌疗法，特别是一些新的、更有效和靶向的药物，具有潜在的心脏毒性。因此，与癌症本身或抗癌治疗相关的心血管并发症，包括心力衰竭、动脉高血压、冠状动脉疾病、静脉血栓栓塞、外周血管疾病、心律失常、心包疾病和肺动脉高压，越来越多地被观察到，并可能对影响肿瘤患者的预后。心血管肿瘤学是心脏病学和内科的一个新兴领域，发展迅速，涉及心血管疾病的预防、早期发现和管理，在抗癌治疗的所有阶段和生存期，现在对于降低癌症患者的心血管发病率和死亡率至关重要。在这篇叙述性综述中，将分析和总结有关心血管肿瘤学的流行病学、癌症心血管并发症的机制以及与化疗药物、靶向治疗、免疫治疗和放射治疗相关的心脏毒性的病理生理学的现有文献。