The silica sol and potassium hydroxide solution are mixed under certain conditions to form a precursor solution, which is poured into a closed cavity and gelled at 75 °C for 24 h to form potassium silicate gel. The structural evolution, stability, and transmittance of potassium silicate gels with different SiO₂/K₂O molar ratios were investigated. Raman spectroscopy is applied to analyze the SiO₄ tetrahedral network of potassium silicate gel and the polymerization index I_p (A500/A1000) increases linearly with the increase of the molar ratio. The relative fractional area of different species Qⁿ as a function of the molar ratio is described in detail through the deconvolution of band 700–1200 cm⁻¹. A(Q² + Q³)/A(Q² + Q³ + Q⁴) is first employed to characterize the polymerization degree of the SiO₄ tetrahedral network, which is proven to be reliable. In addition, the stability of potassium silicate gel is measured indirectly by its deformation over time. The higher the molar ratio, the smaller the deformation and the better the stability. When the molar ratio is >6, excessive silica not only acts as a forming agent to increase the polymerization degree of the SiO₄ tetrahedral network, but also acts as a filler added into the potassium silicate gel, causing a rapid decrease in transmittance and a sharp increase in haze.

将硅溶胶和氢氧化钾溶液在一定条件下混合形成前驱体溶液，倒入密闭腔体中，在75℃下凝胶化24h，形成硅酸钾凝胶。研究了不同SiO ₂ /K ₂ O摩尔比的硅酸钾凝胶的结构演变、稳定性和透光率。应用拉曼光谱分析硅酸钾凝胶的SiO ₄四面体网络，聚合指数I _p (A500/A1000)随着摩尔比的增加而线性增加。不同物种的相对分数面积Q ⁿ通过带 700–1200 cm ^-1的解卷积详细描述了作为摩尔比的函数。A ( Q ²  +  Q ³ )/ A ( Q ²  +  Q ³  +  Q ⁴ )首先用于表征SiO ₄的聚合度四面体网络，已被证明是可靠的。此外，硅酸钾凝胶的稳定性是通过其随时间的变形来间接测量的。摩尔比越高，变形越小，稳定性越好。当摩尔比>6时，过量的二氧化硅不仅作为形成剂增加SiO ₄四面体网络的聚合度，而且作为填料加入到硅酸钾凝胶中，导致透光率迅速下降，雾霾急剧增加。