Urban landscapes, made of unique buildings, pavements, and vegetation, create complex influences on the atmosphere. These influences induce increased nighttime warming and daytime cooling, especially in arid regions. This study compared three types of surfaces, including rooftop, turfgrass, and canyons, in terms of surface temperature and surface energy fluxes. A 68 sq.km parcel in Phoenix, AZ was considered for comparison. The study found that the canyons' land surface temperatures (LST) were 5 °C lower than the rooftop surfaces. The turfgrass surfaces were 4 °C cooler than the canyon surfaces. Moreover, north and south (N-S) oriented canyons were 2 °C cooler than east and west (E-W) oriented canyons. No significant changes were observed in net radiation for rooftop, turfgrass, or canyon surfaces. However, conductive fluxes, warranting nighttime warming, showed higher absorption of 45 W/m² on the rooftop surfaces, than in the canyons. The turfgrass showed nighttime cooling, as the heat absorption was 210 W/m² lower than the rooftop surfaces and 165 W/m² lower than the canyons. Additionally, a 50 W/m² difference of heat absorption was observed between N-S oriented canyons and E-W oriented canyons. The study concludes that canyons are major causes of daytime cooling and nighttime warming.

由独特的建筑、人行道和植被构成的城市景观对大气产生复杂的影响。这些影响导致夜间变暖和白天变冷加剧，特别是在干旱地区。这项研究在表面温度和表面能通量方面比较了三种类型的表面，包括屋顶、草坪和峡谷。亚利桑那州凤凰城的一块 68 平方公里的地块被考虑进行比较。研究发现，峡谷的地表温度 (LST) 比屋顶表面低 5 °C。草坪草表面比峡谷表面低 4 °C。此外，南北 (NS) 取向的峡谷比东西 (EW) 取向的峡谷低 2 °C。屋顶、草坪或峡谷表面的净辐射未观察到显着变化。然而，导电助焊剂，²在屋顶表面，而不是在峡谷中。草坪表现出夜间冷却，因为吸热量比屋顶表面低210 W/m ^{2 ，}比峡谷低165 W/m ²。此外，在 NS 取向的峡谷和 EW 取向的峡谷之间观察到了 50 W/m ²的吸热差异。该研究得出结论，峡谷是白天变冷和夜间变暖的主要原因。