Male subfertility may be related to the presence of varicocele; however, it is not known whether treatment of the varicocele or treatment modality affect subsequent fertility rates. A systematic review has identified 48 studies and compared surgical and radiological treatments with each other and with no treatment. Overall, there is no clear superior treatment modality and it is not certain that treatment has an effect on live birth rate; however, treatment may improve the pregnancy rate. Microscopic subinguinal surgical treatment is possibly more effective and has a lower recurrence rate than other forms of surgical treatment. Robust, larger scale randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to better inform the management of men with varicocele and subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021;4:CD000479. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd000479.pub6 Rapid suppression of HIV viral load to undetectable levels is essential during pregnancy to minimise the chance of transmission to the neonate. Historically, studies of new drugs during pregnancy (including antiretroviral therapy) have been minimal due to concerns over adverse effects for neonates. A multicentre RCT conducted in nine countries randomised over 600 women to receive one of two …

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金星

男性不育可能与精索静脉曲张的存在有关；然而，尚不清楚精索静脉曲张的治疗或治疗方式是否会影响随后的生育率。一项系统评价已经确定了 48 项研究，并比较了手术和放射治疗以及没有治疗的情况。总体而言，没有明确的优越治疗方式，也不确定治疗对活产率有影响；然而，治疗可能会提高怀孕率。显微腹股沟手术治疗可能比其他形式的手术治疗更有效并且复发率更低。需要强有力的、更大规模的随机对照试验 (RCT) 来更好地告知精索静脉曲张和不育男性的管理。Cochrane 数据库系统修订版 2021；4：CD000479。https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858。cd000479.pub6 在怀孕期间将 HIV 病毒载量快速抑制到检测不到的水平是必不可少的，以尽量减少传播给新生儿的机会。从历史上看，由于担心对新生儿的不良影响，妊娠期新药（包括抗逆转录病毒疗法）的研究很少。在九个国家进行的一项多中心 RCT 随机抽取了 600 多名女性，接受了两个……