In this investigation, a pneumatic suspension model with orifice damping is developed and used to evaluate the performance of the air suspension in comparison with the coil-spring suspension in railroad and highway transportation systems. In railcars, air springs are used as a secondary suspension to isolate the car from vibrations caused by track irregularities, while in highway trucks, air springs are often used in their rear suspensions to allow adjusting the suspension characteristics depending on the load conditions. The air spring formulation used in this investigation is validated by comparing the dynamic stiffness with the stiffness of other models reported in the literature. Different motion scenarios are considered to quantify the effectiveness of the air spring in liquid sloshing problems. To capture the large displacements experienced by the liquid, the finite element (FE) absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) is used with a penalty approach to model the fluid/tank contact forces. In the railroad vehicle models, the wheel/rail contact is modelled using a nonlinear three-dimensional elastic contact formulation that accounts for the creep forces and spin moment, while in the highway-truck model, the wheel/ground interaction forces are modeled using a discrete-element tire model. In addition to the comparison with the coil springs, the paper provides discussion on the differences between the pneumatic and active suspensions. The simulation results show that using air springs reduces the railcar mean vertical acceleration, maximum roll angle, and variations in the wheel/rail contact forces. The mean vertical acceleration of the truck tank is found to be lower when air springs are used, resulting in a reduction of the force exerted by the fluid on the tank walls.

在这项研究中，开发了一种带孔板阻尼的气动悬架模型，并用于评估空气悬架与铁路和公路运输系统中的螺旋弹簧悬架的性能。在轨道车中，空气弹簧用作二级悬架，以将汽车与轨道不规则引起的振动隔离开来，而在公路卡车中，空气弹簧通常用于后悬架中，以便根据负载条件调整悬架特性。本研究中使用的空气弹簧配方通过将动态刚度与文献中报道的其他模型的刚度进行比较来验证。考虑不同的运动场景来量化空气弹簧在液体晃动中的有效性问题。为了捕捉液体经历的大位移，有限元 (FE)绝对节点坐标公式(ANCF) 与惩罚方法一起用于模拟流体/罐接触力。在铁路车辆模型中，车轮/轨道接触使用非线性三维弹性接触公式建模，该公式考虑了蠕变力和自旋力矩，而在公路卡车模型中，车轮/地面相互作用力使用离散元轮胎模型。除了与螺旋弹簧的比较外，本文还讨论了气动悬架和主动悬架之间的差异。仿真结果表明，使用空气弹簧可降低轨道车的平均垂直加速度、最大侧倾角以及轮轨接触力的变化。当使用空气弹簧时，发现卡车油箱的平均垂直加速度较低，