Succession of submerged vegetation was monitored from the early stages for a period of 10 years by Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) divers in Milada Lake. Milada Lake is the result of a flooded surface coal mine, the first large-scale hydrological recultivation in the Czech Republic. The main focus was on apparent changes in the percentage cover of primary producers (macrophytes and macroalgae) during early successional stages. In total, data on 33 environmental factors (chemical, physical, and biological) were collected and the importance of their impact was statistically analyzed. Besides macrophytes, we also monitored macroalgae that mainly occupied deep areas (down to 12 m) and have been neglected in literature in contrast to macrophytes. Uniquely, the trophic state of the study site decreased in contrast to most water bodies worldwide. Changes in the plant species composition during succession, including replacement of the dominant group of Characeae with Vaucheria sp. (both macroalgae), correlated with a decrease in nitrate concentration, N–NO₃. Furthermore, the herbivorous fish biomass and availability of uncovered lake bottom played important roles in the succession of macrophytes and macroalgae. Although some changes in submerged vegetation during succession of a newly created lake are to be expected, the main shifts observed apparently correlated with the studied factors. The conclusions may be useful for the prediction of succession in similarly created lakes in the future.

中文翻译：

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前 10 年水文复垦露天矿沉水植被演替

米拉达湖的自给式水下呼吸器 (SCUBA) 潜水员从早期阶段开始监测水下植被的演替，为期 10 年。米拉达湖是地表煤矿被淹的结果，这是捷克共和国第一次大规模的水文开垦。主要关注的是演替早期初级生产者（大型植物和大型藻类）覆盖率的明显变化。总共收集了 33 个环境因素（化学、物理和生物）的数据，并对其影响的重要性进行了统计分析。除了大型植物外，我们还监测了主要占据深层区域（低至 12 m）并且与大型植物相比在文献中被忽略的大型藻类。独一无二，与世界上大多数水体相比，研究地点的营养状态有所下降。演替过程中植物物种组成的变化，包括将查理科的优势群替换为Vaucheria sp。（均为大型藻类），与硝酸盐浓度 N-NO ₃的降低相关。此外，草食性鱼类生物量和裸露湖底的可用性在大型植物和大型藻类的演替中发挥了重要作用。尽管可以预期在新创建的湖泊的演替过程中淹没植被会发生一些变化，但观察到的主要变化显然与所研究的因素相关。这些结论可能有助于预测未来类似形成的湖泊的演替。