Hoof wall separation disease (HWSD) is a genetic defect in Connemara ponies characterized by separation and cracking of the dorsal hoof wall. The disease can result in chronic inflammation, severe lameness and laminitis. Affected ponies typically show clinical signs within the first 6 months of life. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The genetic mutation is a frameshift mutation in the gene SERPINB11, (c.504_505insC). Carriers are completely normal, only ponies that are homozygous for the mutation will have clinical signs of the disease. Within the Connemara breed, carrier frequency has been estimated at 14.8% and the mutation has not been identified in other breeds at this time. While there is no definitive cure for HWSD, management through targeted hoof care and the use of special shoes may be beneficial. Additionally, environmental management may lessen the severity of clinical disease in affected ponies. Genetic testing of Connemara ponies is required for all new registrations.

中文翻译：

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蹄壁分离病：综述

蹄壁分离病（HWSD）是康尼马拉小马的一种遗传缺陷，其特征是背蹄壁分离和破裂。该疾病可导致慢性炎症、严重跛行和蹄叶炎。受影响的小马通常在生命的前 6 个月内表现出临床症状。该疾病作为常染色体隐性遗传。该基因突变是基因SERPINB11 (c.504_505insC)中的移码突变。携带者是完全正常的，只有突变纯合的小马才会出现该疾病的临床症状。在康尼马拉品种中，携带频率估计为 14.8%，目前尚未在其他品种中发现该突变。虽然 HWSD 没有明确的治疗方法，但通过有针对性的蹄部护理和使用特殊鞋子进行管理可能是有益的。此外，环境管理可能会减轻受影响小马临床疾病的严重程度。所有新注册都需要对康尼马拉小马进行基因检测。