Background: Racial and ethnic minority groups are underrepresented in health research, contributing to persistent health disparities in the United States. Identifying effective recruitment and retention strategies among minority groups and their subpopulations is an important research agenda. Web-based intervention approaches are becoming increasingly popular with the ubiquitous use of the internet. However, it is not completely clear which recruitment and retention strategies have been successful in web-based intervention trials targeting racial and ethnic minorities. Objective: This study aims to describe lessons learned in recruiting and retaining one of the understudied ethnic minority women—Korean Americans—enrolled in a web-based intervention trial and to compare our findings with the strategies reported in relevant published web-based intervention trials. Methods: Multiple sources of data were used to address the objectives of this study, including the study team’s meeting minutes, participant tracking and contact logs, survey reports, and postintervention interviews. In addition, an electronic search involving 2 databases (PubMed and CINAHL) was performed to identify published studies using web-based interventions. Qualitative analysis was then performed to identify common themes addressing recruitment and retention strategies across the trials using web-based intervention modalities. Results: A total of 9 categories of recruitment and retention strategies emerged: authentic care; accommodation of time, place, and transportation; financial incentives; diversity among the study team; multiple, yet standardized modes of communication; mobilizing existing community relationships with efforts to build trust; prioritizing features of web-based intervention; combined use of web-based and direct recruitment; and self-directed web-based intervention with human support. Although all the studies included in the analysis combined multiple strategies, prioritizing features of web-based intervention or use of human support were particularly relevant for promoting recruitment and retention of racial and ethnic minorities in web-based intervention trials. Conclusions: The growing prevalence of internet use among racial and ethnic minority populations represents an excellent opportunity to design and deliver intervention programs via the internet. Future research should explore and compare successful recruitment and retention methods among race and ethnic groups for web-based interventions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03726619; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03726619.

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中文翻译：

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基于网络的干预试验中种族和少数民族的招募和保留策略：回顾性定性分析

背景：种族和少数族裔群体在健康研究中的代表性不足，导致美国持续存在健康差异。在少数群体及其亚群中确定有效的招聘和保留策略是一项重要的研究议程。随着互联网的普遍使用，基于网络的干预方法正变得越来越流行。然而，在针对少数族裔的基于网络的干预试验中，哪些招募和保留策略取得了成功尚不完全清楚。客观的：本研究旨在描述在招募和留住一名未充分研究的少数族裔女性——韩裔美国人——参加一项基于网络的干预试验时所获得的经验教训，并将我们的发现与相关已发表的基于网络的干预试验中报告的策略进行比较。方法：使用多种数据来源来实现本研究的目标，包括研究团队的会议记录、参与者跟踪和联系日志、调查报告和干预后访谈​​。此外，还进行了涉及 2 个数据库（PubMed 和 CINAHL）的电子搜索，以确定使用基于网络的干预措施的已发表研究。然后进行定性分析，以确定使用基于网络的干预方式在整个试验中解决招募和保留策略的共同主题。结果：总共出现了 9 类招聘和保留策略：真实关怀；住宿时间、地点和交通；财政奖励; 研究团队的多样性；多种但标准化的通信模式；动员现有的社区关系，努力建立信任；优先考虑基于网络的干预功能；结合使用基于网络的招聘和直接招聘；以及在人类支持下自我指导的基于网络的干预。尽管分析中包含的所有研究都结合了多种策略，但优先考虑基于网络的干预或使用人类支持的特征对于在基于网络的干预试验中促进种族和少数民族的招募和保留特别相关。结论：种族和少数族裔人口中互联网使用的日益流行代表了通过互联网设计和提供干预计划的绝佳机会。未来的研究应该探索和比较种族和族裔群体中基于网络干预的成功招募和保留方法。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03726619；https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03726619。

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