Purpose

This study investigates how the association between national culture and earnings management compares between developed and emerging countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis relies on a sample of 6,313 firm-year observations from 11 emerging markets and 27,605 firm-year observations from 22 developed countries. The authors use ordinary least squares regression methods to test the hypotheses of the study.

Findings

Based on Hofstede's (2011) cultural dimensions, the authors find that firms from countries with a higher level of uncertainty avoidance and individualism are less likely to engage in earnings management, but the effect of uncertainty avoidance (individualism) is more (less) pronounced in the emerging countries. Moreover, the authors demonstrate that firms from emerging (developed) countries with higher levels of power distance and masculinity are less (more) likely to engage in earnings management. Finally, the authors find evidence of a trade-off between accruals-based and real earnings management in firms from countries with greater long-term orientation and an indulgence cultural dimension.

Originality/value

This paper adds to the literature by theoretically discussing and empirically analysing the role that developed and emerging countries' development plays on the effect of national culture on earnings management.

中文翻译：

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发达国家和新兴国家的国家文化和盈余管理

目的

本研究调查了发达国家和新兴国家之间民族文化与盈余管理之间的关联如何进行比较。

设计/方法/方法

实证分析依赖于来自 11 个新兴市场的 6,313 个企业年度观察样本和来自 22 个发达国家的 27,605 个企业年度观察样本。作者使用普通最小二乘回归方法来检验研究假设。

发现

基于 Hofstede (2011) 的文化维度，作者发现来自不确定性回避和个人主义水平较高的国家的公司不太可能参与盈余管理，但不确定性回避（个人主义）的影响在新兴国家。此外，作者证明，来自新兴（发达）国家的公司具有较高的权力距离和阳刚之气，不太可能（更多）参与盈余管理。最后，作者发现了在具有更大长期导向和放纵文化维度的国家的公司中，应计制盈余管理与实际盈余管理之间存在权衡的证据。

原创性/价值

本文通过理论讨论和实证分析发达国家和新兴国家的发展对国家文化对盈余管理的影响所起的作用，对文献进行了补充。