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Freedom: The History and the Future of a Disputed Idea
Modern Intellectual History Pub Date : 2021-07-12 , DOI: 10.1017/s147924432100038x
Jessica Whyte 1
Affiliation  

Around 1882, the photographer Albert Fernique photographed a group of Parisian workers gathered around trestles and benches inside a workshop. The floor is strewn with piles of wood and the ceiling beams tower above the workmen. Even so, the space is dwarfed by a massive, sculpted shoulder, draped in Roman robes, which dominates the background of the photograph; two workers watching the scene from a beam just below the roof appear to be perched on it like sparrows. The shoulder belonged to the statue, Liberty Enlightening the World—a gift to the United States from the France of the Third Republic. Work on the statue began here, in the workshop of the sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, only a year after the suppression of the Paris Commune. More people were killed in that one Bloody Week (la semaine sanglante) in 1874 than were executed in the entire Reign of Terror following the French Revolution. If the statue was supposed to symbolize liberty, this was to be an orderly liberty far removed from the license of the armed Parisian workers and their short-lived utopian government. Unlike her ancestor Marianne, immortalized by Eugène Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People, the statue does not wear the red cap that, since ancient Rome, had symbolized freedom from slavery. In the wake of the Paris Commune, the Third Republic banned the cap and sought to banish the unruly freedom it represented.



中文翻译:

自由:一个有争议的想法的历史和未来

大约在 1882 年,摄影师阿尔伯特·费尔尼克 (Albert Fernique) 拍摄了一群巴黎工人聚集在车间内的支架和长凳周围的照片。地板上散落着成堆的木头,天花板横梁高耸在工人头顶。即便如此,这个空间还是被一个巨大的雕刻肩膀显得相形见绌,肩膀披着罗马长袍,占据了照片的背景;两名工人从屋顶正下方的横梁上观看现场,似乎像麻雀一样栖息在屋顶上。肩膀属于雕像,自由照耀世界——第三共和国法国送给美国的礼物。在巴黎公社镇压仅一年后,雕像的制作就在雕塑家弗雷德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪 (Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi) 的工作室开始。在那血腥的一周里有更多人被杀(la semaine sanglante ) 在 1874 年被处决的人数超过了法国大革命后整个恐怖统治时期。如果这座雕像被认为是自由的象征,那么这将是一种有序的自由,与武装的巴黎工人及其短命的乌托邦政府的许可相去甚远。与她的祖先玛丽安不同,她的祖先玛丽安因欧仁德拉克洛瓦的自由引导人民而永垂不朽,这座雕像没有戴红帽,自古罗马以来,红帽就象征着摆脱奴役的自由。在巴黎公社之后,第三共和国禁止了上限,并试图消除它所代表的不守规矩的自由。

更新日期:2021-07-12
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