To decipher the organizational styles of neural underpinning in major depressive disorder (MDD), the current article reviewed recent neuroimaging studies (published during 2015–2020) that applied graph theory approach to the diffusion tensor imaging data or functional brain activation data acquired during task-free resting state. The global network organization of resting-state functional connectivity network in MDD were diverse according to the onset age and medication status. Intra-modular functional connections were weaker in MDD compared to healthy controls (HC) for default mode and limbic networks. Weaker local graph metrics of default mode, frontoparietal, and salience network components in MDD compared to HC were also found. On the contrary, brain regions comprising the limbic, sensorimotor, and subcortical networks showed higher local graph metrics in MDD compared to HC. For the brain white matter-based structural connectivity network, the global network organization was comparable to HC in adult MDD but was attenuated in late-life depression. Local graph metrics of limbic, salience, default-mode, subcortical, insular, and frontoparietal network components in structural connectome were affected from the severity of depressive symptoms, burden of perceived stress, and treatment effects. Collectively, the current review illustrated changed global network organization of structural and functional brain connectomes in MDD compared to HC and were varied according to the onset age and medication status. Intra-modular functional connectivity within the default mode and limbic networks were weaker in MDD compared to HC. Local graph metrics of structural connectome for MDD reflected severity of depressive symptom and perceived stress, and were also changed after treatments. Further studies that explore the graph metrics-based neural correlates of clinical features, cognitive styles, treatment response and prognosis in MDD are required.

为了破译重度抑郁症 (MDD) 中神经基础的组织方式，本文回顾了最近的神经影像学研究（发表于 2015-2020 年），这些研究将图论方法应用于在任务期间获得的扩散张量成像数据或功能性脑激活数据。自由休息状态。根据发病年龄和用药状态，MDD 中静息状态功能连接网络的全球网络组织是多种多样的。与默认模式和边缘网络的健康对照 (HC) 相比，MDD 中的模块内功能连接较弱。与 HC 相比，MDD 中的默认模式、额顶和显着网络组件的局部图指标也较弱。相反，大脑区域包括边缘、感觉运动、与 HC 相比，皮层下网络在 MDD 中显示出更高的局部图指标。对于基于脑白质的结构连接网络，全球网络组织与成人 MDD 中的 HC 相当，但在晚年抑郁症中减弱。结构连接组中边缘、显着性、默认模式、皮层下、岛状和额顶叶网络组件的局部图形指标受到抑郁症状严重程度、感知压力负担和治疗效果的影响。总的来说，目前的审查说明了与 HC 相比，MDD 中结构和功能性脑连接组的全球网络组织发生了变化，并且根据发病年龄和药物状态而有所不同。与 HC 相比，MDD 中默认模式和边缘网络内的模块内功能连接性较弱。MDD 的结构连接组的局部图表指标反映了抑郁症状和感知压力的严重程度，并且在治疗后也发生了变化。需要进一步研究，探索基于图形度量的 MDD 临床特征、认知方式、治疗反应和预后的神经相关性。